从语用学角度分析美国情景喜剧《成长的烦恼》中的语言幽默.pdf

华中科技大学
硕士学位论文
从语用学角度分析美国情景喜剧《成长的烦恼》中的语言幽默
姓名:何素梅
申请学位级别:硕士
专业:外国语言学及应用语言学
指导教师:孙云梅
20090501
摘要
幽默是人类生活的重要组成部分. 作为人类活动, 幽默渗透到生活的各个方面.
人们曾在许多领域对幽默进行过研究, 如: 哲学, 心理学, 社会学, 人类学, 语言学
及教育学领域. 该研究将从语用学角度对幽默进行分析. 用以分析的基本理论是: 合
作原则, 关联理论, 和顺应理论.
美国情景喜剧《成长的烦恼》是一部风糜全球的室内情景剧。该研究将以此剧
的电子版作为语料库。分别解释当说话者违反合作原则中的各次则:质量准则,数
量准则, 关系准则,及方式准则所产生的幽默。合作原则只从说话者的角度对幽默
进行了研究。当幽默的产生于认知语境时,它主要是由于听话者的信息处理失误造
成的,合作原则将无法解释。比如说:由于听话者语境知识的缺乏;由于听话者错
误的推理;及错误的语境假设。关联理论将合理的解释由于最大关联和最佳关联所
产生的反差而产生的幽默。但它无法解释无关联所产生的幽默,如当交际者处于心
理失衡状态时,他们会忽略听话者而自说自话。顺应理论能解释由于过分顺应或不
顺应语境所产生的幽默, 但它不能解释推理所产生的幽默。
研究结果表明这三大理论能很好的解释幽默产生, 但是它们也有各自的缺点。
三个理论结合能很好的解释幽默现象. 在这三个理论中顺应论具有最强的解释力
关键词: 幽默, 合作原则, 关联理论, 顺应理论





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Abstract
Humor is very important in human life. As a human phenomenon, humor permeates
every aspect of life, which is researched in many fields, such as philosophical field,
psychological field, sociological field, anthropological field, linguistic field and
educational field. In this paper, humor will be analyzed from the perspective of pragmatics.
The fundamental theories are: Cooperative Theory, Relevance Theory and Adaptation
Theory.
American Growing Pains is a very popular play in the world. This research will
use the e-text of this play as corpus to illustrate the humors created when the speakers
violate the Cooperative Principle and the sub-principles: maxim of quality, maxim of
quantity, maxim of relation, and maxim of manner. , but Cooperative Principle can not
explain humors created in the cognitive context, such as the limitation of the speakers’
contextual ability, the wrong contextual assumption, and the misinfrence. The Relevance
Theory can explain the humor produced by the gap between the maximal relevance and
the optimal relevance, but it can not explain the munication, that is to say,
when the speaker is in the unbalanced mental situation, they ignore the hearer. The
Relevance Theory can not give explanation about