量化研究手册：数据分析.pdf

iAnalyzing Quantitative DataFrom Description to Explanation3055- 1/10/03 10:50 AM Page i3055- 1/10/03 10:50 AM Page iiAnalyzing Quantitative DataFrom Description to ExplanationNorman BlaikieSAGE PublicationsLondon ?Thousand Oaks ?New Delhi3055- 1/10/03 10:50 AM Page iii? Norman Blaikie 2003First published 2003All rights reserved. No part of this publication may bereproduced, stored in a retrieval system, transmitted orutilized in any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying,recording or otherwise, without permission in writing fromthe Publications Ltd6 Bonhill StreetLondon EC2A 4PUSAGE Publications Teller RoadThousand Oaks, California 91320SAGE Publications India Pvt Ltd32, M-Block MarketGreater Kailash – INew Delhi 110 048British Library Cataloguing in Publication dataA catalogue record for this book is available fromthe British LibraryISBN 0 7619 6758 30 7619 6759 1Library of Congress Control Number availableTypeset by C&M Digitals (P) Ltd., Chennai, IndiaPrinted in Great Britain The Cromwell Press Ltd, Trowbridge, Wiltshire3055- 1/10/03 10:50 AM Page ivIn memory ofmy e Armstrong Blaikiewhose fascination with numbers was infectiousandmy daughterShayne Lishman Blaikiewhose logic was able3055- 1/10/03 10:50 AM Page vContentsList of FiguresxivList of TablesxviAcknowledgementsxxIntroduction: About the Book11 Social Research and Data Analysis: Demystifying Basic Concepts 102 Data Analysis in Context: Working with Two Data Sets373 Descriptive Analysis – Univariate: Looking for Characteristics 474 Descriptive Analysis – Bivariate: Looking for Patterns895 Explanatory Analysis: Looking for Influences1166 Inferential Analysis: From Sample to Population1597 Data Reduction: Preparing to Answer Research Questions2148 Real Data Analysis: Answering Research Questions249Glossary306Appendix A: Symbols324Appendix B: Equations326Appendix C: SPSS Procedures333Appendix D: Statistical T