基于蚁群算法和二阶模型的快速路控制器设计 摘要 近年来,随着经济的迅猛腾飞,日益增长的交通需求逼近甚至超过了快速路的道路通行能力,交通拥堵现象已经成为各个国家亟待解决的难题。本文提出了一种基于蚁群优化和二阶模型的入口匝道控制方法来调节进入快速路的车辆数。首先对入口匝道控制的基本方式以及目标进行详细介绍,并阐述蚁群算法的基本原理;接着建立了二阶模型,结合非线性反馈理论设计了蚁群优化的入口匝道控制器。最后用MATLAB进行仿真,结果证明,基于二阶蚁群优化的入口匝道控制器运算效率高,拥有快速的系统响应,还有良好的动态和稳态性能。 关键词匝道控制;快速路;二阶模型;蚁群优化 Abstract With the sharply rapid development of economy, nowadays, the increasing traffic demand is close to or even surpasses the capacity of expressway. The phenomenon of traffic jams has e a serious issue in most countries that is needed to be handled right away. An on-ramp control method based on ant colony optimization and second order model is proposed in order to regulate the number of vehicles entering a freeway entrance point. First, basic methods of on-ramp control as well as the control objectives are introduced in detail, the basic principles of ant colony algorithm are formulated. Then second order model is established. In conjunction with nonlinear feedback theory, on-ramp controller optimized by ant colony algorithm is designed. Eventually, the controller is simulated by MATLAB software. The result indicates that the on-ramp controller based on ant colony optimization has rapid response speed, putation efficiency as well as good dynamic and steady-state performance. Keywords ramp control; expressway; second order model; ant colony optimization
