民事诉讼中案件事实认定地研究.pdf

摘要I摘 要民事诉讼中案件事实的正确认定是整个民事诉讼活动的基础和重点,也是实现民事诉讼目的的重要保证。对案件事实认定进行研究首先必须要对主要概念进行清晰的定义,明确事实的含义与案件事实的含义,我们还必须明确认定案件事实从来就不是一件轻松的工作,对所面临的难度要有清楚的认知。案件事实认定研究还离不开对认定主体的关注,它包含了职业性的法官与非职业性的英美法系的陪审团成员和大陆法系的参审员等。而在我国,对案件事实认定主体也有着不同于两大法系的规定。在了解了案件事实的含义与认定主体的基础上,认定案件事实的方法也就成为了研究的重点。以当事人提出主张事实为起点,法院对符合法的要素的事实进行保留,并且审查区分待证事实与无需证明的事实,对于待证事实再通过适用证据与推定规则等将其推进到裁判事实,也就实现了确定案件事实的目标。而基于认定主体的自身属性,认定案件事实的进阶过程总是要受到主体的非理性因素的影响,因此我们也试图去寻找到更为有效的方法来规制这种消极影响,使其不利后果降到最低。在对案件事实认定的阶段与方法有所把握的基础上,我们还关注世界范围内各国在事实认定模式上的规定,考察两大法系事实认定模式的差异和交融,从而对我国事实认定模式进行深刻反思,并从事实认定的理念角度,事实认定主体与审判主体合一的角度以及事实认定权属的划分角度等明确了我国事实认定模式的改革方向。当然我们明白案件事实认定的绝对百分之百的正确是不可能的,也是不现实的,文章的意图也不在于追究百分之百的真相,因为追求真实并非法律的唯一目的。从更具现实意义的角度而言,笔者期望在每一案件中都能实现合理认定案件事实的目标,使因为事实误认而导致错案冤案的概率减到最小,保护更多的当事人在当下的法律中感受到公平正义,而这也是本文的研究意义之所在。关键词 民事诉讼 案件事实 认定 主体 方法 模式 Abstract II Abstract It is very important to correctly identify the fact of the case in the civil action. Also it is the central task of litigation, and the finding of the overall facts could be seen as an important subject for achieving the goal of litigation. The thread of my researching thoughts starts with defining what is the fact, what is the fact of the case, what is the difference between the fact of case and the fact happening in real life and why there is such a difference, and the difference between fact issues and law issues. The subjects of fact-finding include two kinds: the jury and the judge. To both subjects, the two legal systems pletely different requirements. In China, we have our own unique requirements. On the basis of understanding the meaning of the facts of the case and found the body on the facts of the case, advanced process has e the focus of the study. First, the litigant will put forward some facts. The court will censor these facts to choose which are in line with the elements of law. As for the facts to be proved, the first rule is to be demonstrated by evidence. Based on the characteristics of the civil action, the authors believe that the standard of prob