科技论文.写作综述.ppt

General Introduction to EST Writing A standard pattern ? Introduction ? Methods (Experimental) ? Results ? Discussion ? Conclusions – (Acknowledgements//References/Appendices) BEGINNING MIDDLE END ? Abstract (Summary) – is pletely separate piece of writing that describes the content of the article Introduction ? One purpose - to prepare readers for the “ middle ” of the paper (the “ Results ” of your work) – provides the relevant background to understanding the research ? includes results of other closely related research – provides a clear indication as to what problem are you addressing, or what idea you wish to present – provides an idea of what information (sometimes explicitly) will be presented in the article ? The Introduction is the most important part of the paper – and the hardest to write well ? what the section shouldn ’ t contain – your results – results are assumed to be other people ’ s work. If you include them here you risk confusing the reader –“ Section 3 will present the results. In section 4 we will discuss the results then finally we will present some concluding remarks in section 5 ”– 3: Results – 4: Discussion – 5: Conclusions redundant information (not concise) – avoid!! Introduction ? sometimes an outline can be useful however –“ First the methods used for the measurements are explained, and their suitability for use in determining the dislocation density justified. In section 3 a model is developed that relates dislocation density to creep-rate. The experimental results of dislocation density are then used to make predictions of creep-rates in the material. Finally in section 4 some of the limitations of the model are analyzed, and the required accuracy in experimental creep-rate measurements to test the model is discussed ? if you use an outline, make sure it is useful! ? in general only for longer papers, and those with non-standard layout Introduction Section: Experimental (Methods) ? also prepares the reader for the m