短花针茅荒漠草原草地和家畜对禁牧休牧的响应.pdf

内蒙古农业大学硕士学位论文短花针茅荒漠草原草地和家畜对禁牧休牧的响应姓名:褚文彬申请学位级别:硕士专业:草业科学指导教师:卫智军 20080501 摘要本试验在内蒙古短花针茅荒漠草原家庭牧场尺度上,从植物种群、群落、土壤和家畜的生产性能等几个方面对禁牧、休牧、自由放牧草地利用进行研究。结果表明:l多年生丛生禾草株丛易发生破碎化,盖度、密度在自由区和40-50d的休牧区表现较高。3个休牧区较自由放牧区更有利于提高群落特征的各项指标,但提高的程度并不与休牧时间成正比。禁牧区和各休牧区多年生牧草占有较大优势,多数一年生杂类草的重要值较小,但冠芒草和猪毛菜在禁牧区的重要值较大。 2禁牧区现存量显著高于其它4个区,(p<),休牧区间差异不大。禁牧和休牧可以提高草地产草量。 3禁牧、,而对表层土壤影响不大,总体趋势是禁牧、休牧有助于土壤含水量的增加,而且与休牧时间成正比。土壤容重随着休牧期增加,容重降低,而自由放牧区由于长期处于过度放牧,反而容重低于休牧区。 4短花针茅荒漠草原地上现存量与O-30cm土壤水分含量呈正相关。 5绵羊体增重与休牧期成正比。。 6从6—10月份牧草现存量和牧草营养季节动态来看,休牧40-50d比较合理, 它既有利于牧草的返青,同时也减少了休牧期的成本投入,又有利于绵羊的后期体增重。关键词:荒漠草原;禁牧;休牧;土壤 Respose of Grassland and Livestock to Baning and Delaying Grazing Systems inStipabreviflora desert—steppe Abst ract The study was conducted with two grazing systems ofbanning grazing,delaying and continue grazingstocking on family ranches inStipabreviflora desert on theaspects munity,soil and livestock production performance were made resultswere asfollows: The munity employed betterstability and adaptability toenvironment in medela撕ng plot than those inthecontinue coverage anddensity ofperennials plant werehi911 inthe continue plot and delaying plot ofperiod of40— delaying grazing could improve several indexes that were betterthan continue ,the effect on delaying grazing didn’tcome intobeing positive ratiowith time·Perennials plant keep more important value banning and delaying grazing ,the important values ofEnneapogon borealis and Salsola collina of annuals plants played animportant roleinbanning grazing area. 2The standing crop munity inbanning grazing area was obviously higher than the ,it was higher indifferentdelaying grazing areasthan thecontinue grazing area. 3There was significant impact on thesoilwater content of layers,but little effect on the and delaying grazing systems could increas