active and passive euthanasia 积极安乐死与消极安乐死.ppt

ActiveandPassiveEuthanasiaJamesRachelsThemoraldistinctionbetweenactiveandpassiveeuthanasia,orbetween"killing"and"lettingdie".Istherearealdifference?Readthewholetext:Whatistheconclusionofthetext?Conclusionbytheauthor–Killingisnotmorallyworsethanlettingapersondieofnaturalcauses,whendoneforHumanitarian( [hjʊ,mænɪ'teərɪən])reasons.–Therefore,activeeuthanasiaisnotanyworsethanpassiveeuthanasia,asincaseswhereapatientissparedneedlesspain,arguablybetter.–Inotherwords,.(Line1-22)•,activeeuthanasiaisactuallypreferabletopassiveeuthanasia.(Line23-80).(Line81-112).(Line113-207).(Line113-285)Part1(1)?[l]Thedistinctionbetweenactiveandpassiveeuthanasiaisthoughttobecrucialformedicalethics.//Theideaisthatitispermissible,atleastinsomecases,towithholdtreatmentandallowapatienttodie,butitisneverpermissibletotakeanydirectactiondesignedtokillthepatient.//eptedbymostdoctors,anditisendorsedinastatementadoptedbytheHouseofDelegatesoftheAmericanMedicalAssociationonDecember4,[1] 人们认为积极安乐死和消极安乐死之间的界限对医学伦理来说是极其重要的。这种观点认为,至少在某种情况下允许医生撤除医疗措施并且让病人死去;但是绝对不允许医生采取任何直接的预谋的措施来促成病人的死亡。这一理论似乎为大多数医生所接受,而且在1973年12月4日美国医学协会州参议院代表的声明中得到赞同。