乒乓球比赛模拟及计分器设计.doc

电子线路综合设计乒乓球比赛模拟及计分器设计 2014 年6月摘要在信息社会高速发展的今天,数字电路芯片已经实现高度集成化,并逐步渗透到医学、计算机等各个领域,对人类的生活有着深远的影响。本设计采用基本门电路以及 74LS 系列芯片的搭建,以 multisim 软件为平台进行仿真,实现了对乒乓球游戏的模拟。主要解决的问题有: (1)模拟乒乓球的轨迹:用双向移位 4 位寄存器 74194 以及基本门电路实现; (2)球速的调节:利用 555 电路实现; (3)球被击中、犯规的判断; (4)计数器的使用:采用 74LS90 和 74LS161 的组合,给玩家计分; (5)关于比分的显示:通过 CD4511 译码芯片将计数器的输出状态显示到 2位共阴极数码管上。关键词:双向移位 4位寄存器、 555 电路、译码电路、计数器系统目录 1设计任务······················································································ 1 2电路整体设计················································································ 2 译码显示电路设计·································································· 4 555 定时器组成脉冲发生器······················································· 5 模拟乒乓球电路的设计···························································· 6 3电路整体性能的检测······································································· 7 ······························································· 7 ······························································ 模拟乒乓球电路的检测······························································ 4实验结论························································································ 5课程设计心得体会以及建议································································ 6 Abstract ·························································································· 7附录(包含元器件清单以及各元器件功能表) ·········································· 8参考文献························································································ 1 1. 设计任务本次我们小组选择的设计是乒乓球比赛模拟及计分器设计,主要任务是用数字电路模拟乒乓球比赛并能给比赛计分。电路的期望指标如下: 1. 裁判有一个按钮,是系统初始化,比赛开始。 2. 一方发球后,球以固定速度向另一方运动(发光二极管依次点亮); 3. 当球达到对方最后一个发光二极管时,对方击球(按下按钮) ,球将向相反方向运动; 4. 在其他时候击球视为犯规,给对方加 1 分;都犯规,各自加 1分; 5. 甲、乙各有一个 2 位数码管计分;一方先到达 11 分,该局比赛结束。 6. 扩展部分(例如:乒乓球速度可改变,设置大比分等) 针对设计要求,我们通过理论计算还有 Multisim 仿真等途径得出两个方案, 虑到电路稳定性以及功能的可拓展性等方面,最终选择了方案一。两个方案的介绍参见下一页的“电路整体设计”部分。 2 2 电路整体设计在本次设计中,我们小组经过查找资料和理论分析及讨论,最终得到了两种电路设计方案。现介绍如下: 方案一:利用双向四位移位寄存器 74LS194 , 由发光二极管做光点来