中国石油大学环境工程科技英语综合教程编写-教参+课后答案.pdf

科技英语综合教程辅导书
Unit 1 Sources of Energy

Text A
Petroleum

Sentence structure analysis
1. Instead of originating in accumulating woody matter, petroleum may be the product of
the accumulating fatty matter of anisms such as plankton, the myriads of
single-celled creatures that float in the surface layer of the ocean. () 石油,并不
是来自于逐渐积聚的木质物质,而可能是来自于逐渐积聚的海洋生物的脂肪物
质。比如浮游生物:大量浮游在海水表层的单细胞生物。
这是一个简单句,主语 petroleum,谓语动词 may be,表语 product,构成句子主
干。instead of 介词短语作状语,such as plankton 是 product 一词的同位语,the
myriads of single-celled creatures that float in the surface layer of the ocean 是名词性
短语,做 plankton 的同位语。
2. It is only necessary that anisms settle down into the ooze underlying shallow
arms of the ocean under conditions of oxygen shortage. (Para. 3) 生物有机体只需在
缺氧的条件下沉积到海湾浅水处的淤泥里。
该句的框架为:it is +adj.+that 从句,it 做形式主语,真正的主语是 that 从句的内
容。现在分词短语 underlying…做后置定语修饰 ooze。
3. Toward the end of the eenth century, however, engines were developed which
were powered by the explosions of mixtures of air and inflammable vapors within the
cylinders. (Para. 9) 然而,到 19 世纪末人们研制出了内燃机。内燃机是通过在汽
缸里将空气与可燃气体混合,产生爆炸来提供动力的。
该句为复合句,句子的主干是 engines are developed, which 引导的定语从句修饰
先行词 engines;toward the end of the eenth century 介词短语作时间状语。
4. Such bustion engines are pact than earlier steam engines and
can be made to start at a moment’s notice, whereas steam engines require a waiting
period while the water reserve warms to the boiling point. (Para. 10) 这种内燃机与
蒸汽机相比,机身小巧,可以瞬间启动;而蒸汽机需要一定时间,等待储水加
热到沸点。
该句是由 whereas 连接的并列句;在前一个分句中包含 and 连接的两个并列成分,
而后一个分句中包含 while 引导的时间状语从句。
5. There is plication in the fact that petroleum is not nearly so evenly
distributed as coal is. (Para. 14) 还有另一种复杂情况,即石油的分布不如煤的
分布均匀。
该句的主句是 There is plication in the fact,that 引导的是同位语从句,
补充说明 fact 的内容。
6. Kuwait, for instance, which is a small nation at the head of the Persian Gulf, with an
area only three-fourths that of Massachusetts and a population of a