高中英语科普类文阅读技巧样稿.doc

科普类文阅读技巧
一、特点
1、短小性。它篇幅小，然而就其知识容量、专题意义、现实作用又能够很大。它旁征博引，尺幅千里，能立即反应科学上新事物、思想、方法和动态。
2、知识性。它普及科学知识，把科学最新信息常给读者。它常常把握住现实生活中某一事物或现象，用正确理论，去进行科学解释，纠正常识错误，从而使读者了解世界万物改变、运动规律。
3、文学性。它要以优美文字、形象手法，来表示科学内容。它常采取比方、拟人等文学手法和小说、对话、散文等形式及通俗、形象、幽默等语言，生动活泼、情趣盎然地介绍科学知识。
4、思想性。它往往以具体细小事物，阐发一点耐人寻味哲学道理，给人起启示，发人深省。阅读科普文章，要注意把握好两个层面目标和要求：一是科学和人文层面。也能够说是科学人文性。从科学中吸收智慧和力量，体会求实科学态度和勇于探索创新科学精神。另一个是知识和能力层面。要依据科学小品这一体裁特点，学会筛选并整合文中有用信息，把握作者写作思绪，关键研习将抽象内容说明得具体生动技巧。
二、基础要求
1、理清说明次序。关键有空间、时间、逻辑次序。逻辑次序又包含从原因到结果、从关键到次要、从整体到局部、从概括到具体、从总说到分说、从现象到本质、从特点到用途等。在段落中尽可能找到表示说明次序显著语言标志。
(一)(•全国卷Ⅱ)
For those who study the development of intelligence (智力) in the animal world，selfawareness is an important measurement. An animal that is aware (意识) of itself has a high level of intelligence.
Awareness can be tested by studying whether the animal recognizes itself in the mirror, that is，its own reflected image (反射出影像). Many animals fail this exercise bitterly, paying very little attention to the reflected image. Only humans, and some intelligent animals like apes and dolphins，have been shown to recognize that the image in the mirror is of themselves.
Now another animal has joined the club. In the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, researchers report that an Asian elephant has passed the mirror selfreflection test.
“We thought that elephants were the next important animal.” said Diana Reiss of the