中美公立中小学教师聘任制比较的研究.pdf

摘要改革开放后,我国公立中小学教师聘任制逐步得到全面推行,各地实施教师聘任制过程中,进行了积极探索并不断完善。由于区情不同,对中小学教师聘任制的理解和认识不一,教师聘任制的推行进程差异明显,也暴露出一些诸如聘任制度的规范、聘任双方的地位不平等、合法权益得不到保障等典型问题。为此,研究美国公立中小学教师聘任制,通过比较中美两国公立中小学教师聘任制度,借鉴制度的科学性,以完善我国公立中小学的教师聘任制。文章运用文献研究法,对中美两国公立中小学的教师聘任制的发展历史进行了初步梳理。美国的公立中小学教师聘任制度体系相对完善,程序比较规范,强调标准和法理;我国的公立中小学教师聘任制度体系逐步完善,观念得到转变,强调政府行为。文章运用比较研究法,从中美两国公立中小学教师的聘任主体、聘任条件、聘任程序、聘任合同、教师解聘等五个方面进行了比较。研究发现,两国都是以教师资格证为聘任的前提,美国的公立中小学教师聘任更注重于学校、家长的共同参与和决策;美国对公立中小学教师资格证书种类的划分和期限的规定比我国要细致一些;美国公立中小学教师聘任程序比较规范,聘任合同更具内容丰富、条款具体的等特点。我国教育行政部门对公立中小学教师的聘任起着主导和决定作用;公立中小学教师资格证书分类相对比较笼统;聘任程序不够规范,甚至“走过场";聘任合同中聘任双方的地位是不对等的,教育行政部f-]署11学校通常拥有合同内容实施或更改的决定权;而对于公立中小学教师的解聘程序,缺乏法律保证。通过比较借鉴,完善教师资格证书制度、依法聘任教师、注重教师聘任在农村学校的推广,是规范中小学教师聘任制的策略选择。关键词:公立中小学;教师聘任制;中美比较 ABSTRACT Afterthepolicy ofreformandopening up,teacher’Semployment in public primary and secondary schools is tobefullyimplemented stepby theprocess oftheimplementation ofthe teacher employment, many regions havebeenactivelyexploring,and made some efforts onthe refinement ’due tothedifferentparts of theactual situation,as well asunderstanding and awareness ofschool leadersand education department isdifferent,in theimplementation process,there arestill alotofproblems,such astheemployment system,the statusof employees andemployers,and theprotection oflegitimaterightsand SO ,it isimperative tofmd the root of theproblem and find solution schoolsis relativelyperfect;we can findpractical way toimprove ours with the study parison on itsteacher’Semployment. On thebasisofdocuments analysis parative study,this paper tries togive some reflection on thehistory ofemployment of teachers inpublicprimary andsecondary schools between China and parison,we Can fmd thattheemployment of teachers inpublicprimary andsecondary schools ofthe United States, which ismore perfect,with standardized procedures,and emphasizing standards ’S employment of teachers inpublic primary a