《绎史》的研究.pdf

摘要马骗的《绎史》诞生于清初,是清代史学著作中比较早,也比较具有典型性的一部史著。明末清初,无论是经学还是史学,学术风气开始转变,学者治学踏实严谨。在转变过程中,马骗和其他思想家、史学家一样,都为转变这一风气做出诸多贡献。马骗生于中小地主家庭,从小热爱读书,特别是对古书情有独钟。马骗一生政治仕途并不显赫,基于对学术的追求,他将很多时间用于研究古书上,倾十余年之力编纂《绎史》一书,成为清初史学名著。《绎史》是一部上起太古,下至秦末的通史,内容包括政治制度、军事策略、治乱兴衰、诸子学说、尊礼尚贤、帝王传记、典章制度、文学医学、天文地理、名物食货等,内容极为丰富。《绎史》体裁新颖,为马骗首创,该书综合纪传、编年、纪事本末、学案、考证、史论、图表等各种体例于一体,在体裁上属于“综合体裁”。马骗纂《绎史》,于纂辑之中发表独到的见解。在政治思想上,马骗有尊君思想,但他并不一味要求盲目服从君主;与其他学者不同的是他不主张在春秋战国时代抑制霸主,反而认为霸主能起到很好的调节作用,比如维护王室、平衡力量等;马骗有重中原、抑夷狄的思想;马骗对战争的态度比较辩证,没有一味的反对战争,他支持正义之战,反对不义之战。马骗特别重视人才在国家兴衰中的作用。在哲学思想上,马骗认同“天人感应”,但也有无神论思想;马骗有历史发展的眼光和朴素的辩证法思想。在史学思想上,马骗有“六经皆史”思想、“不尽信书”的疑史思想和“见盛观衰”的思想等。关键词:《绎史》马骗史书体裁史学思想 ABSTRACT ”YiShi”of Ma Suwhich was born intheearlyQing Dynasty,is an earlierand more typical history book inQingDynasty theend ofMing Dynasty and start ofQing Dynasty,no matter science or history,they arebeginning tochange theacademic culture,and scholar doscholarship theprocess oftransformation,like other thinkers,historians,Ma Sumade many contributions tothechange ofthisculture. Born in asmall landlord family,and influenced by thefeudalmoralitydeeply,Ma Su was interestedinreading from childhood,especially Sudidn’thave an illustriouspolitical career on academic pursuit,he put alotoftime forthe study ofmore than ten years of”Yi ShiII,which became famous earlyQing history.”Yi Shi”is acomprehensive history thatisfrom timeimmemorial and next totheendoftheQin Dynasty,and include thepoliticalsystem,military strategy,the riseand fall,philosophers doctrine,Takahiro Centrepoint,imperial biographies,laws and institutions,literature and medicine,astronomy and geography,name objects offood and other style”Yi Shi”used was firstcreated by Ma Su,and itwas asynthesis of historicalthatsynthesise biographical,chronological,chronicle insand outs,the case study, research,History andTheory,prehensive historicalchart.”Yi Shi’’is apioneer inthe history books and QingDyna