五灵脂药材质量标准的分析研究.pdf

摘要五灵脂为脊索动物门哺乳纲鼯鼠科( Petauristidae )动物复齿鼯鼠( Trogopterus ranthipes Millie Edwards )的干燥粪便。主产于河北、山西、陕西等地。湖北、四川、青海亦产。全年均可在岩洞或石缝周围寻找收集,以春、秋季采收较多,拣去杂质, 晒干。根据外形的不同,可分为“灵脂块”及“灵脂米”。具有活血止痛,化瘀止血的功效。多用于胸痛,腕腹疼痛,痛经,闭经,产后血瘀疼痛,跌扑损伤,虫蛇咬伤等。近代研究表明,五灵脂中的主要化学成分为有机酸类和黄酮类,此外还含有大量挥发性成分、维生素、氨基酸类成分和微量元素。现代药理学研究表明五灵脂具有一定抗脑缺血的作用;可以加快体内自由基清除,减轻自由基对细胞造成的损伤,从而延缓衰老;对消化系统具有保护胃黏膜,预防溃疡的作用;对心脑血管系统可以抗实验型动脉粥样硬化等。随着五灵脂在临床上的广泛应用,以及其确切的疗效,越来越被人们广泛关注。但由于其不易获取,而且动物来源鉴定较为复杂,故市场上混淆品较多,其质量也参差不齐。《中国药典》 77 版、 85 版、 90 版对五灵脂有收载,但规定的内容均较简单。本课题建立和完善了五灵脂的性状、显微鉴别内容;增加了水分、灰分、酸不溶灰分等的测定;建立了五灵脂中山柰酚的薄层色谱鉴别方法和高效液相色谱测定方法,最终制订了五灵脂药材的质量标准。同时,本课题对陕西商洛家养和野生的五灵脂与我国其他产地的五灵脂进行了比较研究,结果表明,陕西商洛家养五灵脂性状和质量较好,且差异性小。本课题为规范五灵脂,特别是陕西产地的五灵脂药材的质量、保证临床用药的安全有效提供科学依据,也为鼯鼠的人工养殖提供有效的指导,为鼯鼠的大规模养殖和产业化奠定一定的基础。关键词: 五灵脂; 药材; 质量标准。 The Research of Quality Standard of Faeces Trogopteroris Abstract Wulingzhi (Faeces Trogopterori) is the dry feces of Trogopterus ranthipes Millie Edwards, which is the animal of Chor data Mammalia flying squirrel Branch (Petauristidae). it was mainly produced in Hebei, Shanxi, Shaanxi province and other places, as well as Hubei, Sichuan and Qinghai, atc.. It can be found and collected around the caves or crevice thougtout the year. Es pecially harvest in spring and autumn. And then put out the impurities and dry it in the sun. According to the different shap, it can be divided into “Wulingzhi blocks” and “Wu lingzhi meters”. it has the effection of elleviating pain and circulating blood, stop bleed ing, relief haemostasis. It is usually used to cure the chest pain, wrist abdominal pa in, dysmenorrhea, amenorrhea, postpartum pain and blood stasis. Or flutter injury, bite by insects or snakes. Modern research shows that the main chem ical ingredients of Wulingzhi anic acids and flavonoids, as well as a large amounts of ponents, vitamins, amino acids and trace elements. Modern pharmacol ogical studies have shown that Wulingzhi has the effection of anti-cer ebral ischema to some estend; can speed up the bo