英语句子成分知识点总结.doc

知识点总结
组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分。句子成分可分为主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补足语、独立成分。
1、主语
主语是一个句子的主题。
主语的位置
①陈述句中，一般在一句之首。
They managed to rescue all the people in the flood.
②疑问句、倒装句中，一般在助动词、情态动词和动词之后。
Up went the arrow into the air.
Why do they move and burn more of the forest?
Not only will help be given to people who are disabled to find jobs, but also medical treatment will be provided for people who need it.
③祈使句中，往往省略。
Take this money and buy yourself some more books.（句首省略了you）
④There be结构中，在be之后。
Around the area of Aswanthere are a lot of important old temples , which date from about 1250 BC.
2、谓语
谓语在句子中说明主语的动作，主语具有的特征或所处的状态。
（1）由简单动词构成的谓语
They started to use English, but they also brought in some words from their own languages.
（2）由动词短语构成的谓语
Dr. Manette realized that the sister must have been very badly treated.
3、表语
表语说明主语的身份、特征、类别、状态等情况，它位于连系动词之后，与之构成所谓的系表结构。
表语的位置
①通常位于连系动词之后，但下列情况下，置于连系动词之前。为了强调表语。
In the north isScotland, with its capitalEdinburgh. 北面是苏格兰，首都是爱丁堡。
②由How/What引出的感叹句中
What a curious hotel it was!
③某些让步状语从句中
Child as the boy was, he knew what was the right thing to do.
④“the+比较级…，the+比较级…结构中”。
The more you listen to English, the easier it becomes. 英语你听得越多，就越容易听懂。
4、宾语
宾语分为动词宾语和介词宾语。
宾语表示法
①名词用作宾语。
Bob asked all the airlines to fly the pop stars for free.
②代词用作宾语。
It picked it up in its mouth and carried it into the bushes.
③数词用作宾语。
Canad