感染病学基础-绪论.pptx

感染病学基础Fundamentals of Infectious Diseases
范雄林 ，Prof.
Dept. of Pathogen Biology
Tongji Medical College, HUST
Email: ******@
Tel: 86-27-83650639
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绪 论Introduction
1. 微生物（Microorganisms，Microbes)的定义、特点和分类


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Humanity has but three great enemies: fever, famine and war; of these by far the greatest, by far the most terrible, is fever. SIR WILLIAM OSLER, 1896
全球年度死亡人口5700万；感染占25%
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Cocci: sphere Bacilli: rods Spiral bacteria
球菌 杆菌 螺形菌
1674，自制透镜, 放大300倍
发现微小生物体
描绘了细菌的形态
荷兰Antony Van Leeuwenhoek(1632-1723）
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(1)微生物(Microorganisms)的定义
Microorganisms (microbes) are living forms that are not directly visible to the unaided eye (microscopic), with dramatic biologic diversity.
Including：bacteria, fungi, viruses，parasites …
Microscope 显微镜
(Gr. micro, small
skop, to look, see)
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(2)Microorganisms的分类
Categories
Non-cellular
非细胞型
Prokaryotic
原核细胞型
Eukaryotic
真核细胞型
Sorts
viruses
bacterium, actinomycete mycoplasma, chlamydia, rickettsiae, spirochaete
fungi，parasite
Cellular form
No
Yes
Yes
Diameter (μm)
-
- 5
3 - 10
Nucleic acid
DNA or RNA
Both DNA and RNA
DNA and RNA
Nucleus
None
Nuceloid (拟核）
Nucleus and nuclear membrane
Ribosome
Absent
70S
80S
Outer surface
Protein capsid, envelope in some viruses
cell wall containing peptidoglycan (except in mycoplasma)
Rigid wall containing chitin
Multiplication
Self-replication(自我复制）
Asexual ,binary fission(无性二分裂)
Asexual or sexual
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原核细胞型
真核细胞型
Electron Microscope
电子显微镜
非细胞型
细胞型
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Light Microscope
单细胞
多细胞
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（3）microorganisms的特点
形态微小
结构简单
种类繁多
繁殖快
易变异
分布广
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