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语言学复习范围.doc


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I、 Directions: Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word, the first letter of which is already given as a clue、 Note that you are to fill in ONE word only、 
1、 Clear[1]and dark [ł] are allophones of the same one phoneme /1/、 They never take the same position in sound binations, thus they are said to be in plementary distribution、 (P24)ﻫ2、 Morphemes are the smallest meaningful units of meaning, words are the smallest free form found in language、 (P32)
3、 Consonant sounds can be either voiceless or voiced, while all vowel sounds are voiced、 (P16)
4、 In making conversation, the general principle that all participants are expected to observe is called the Cooperative principle proposed by J、 Grice、 (P86-87)
5、  Language exists in time and changes through time、 The description of a language at some point of time in history is a synchronic study、 The description of a language as it changes through time is a diachronic study、 (P4)
6、 An essential difference between consonants and vowels is whether the air stream ing up from the lungs meets with any obstruction when a sound is produced、 (P18)
7、 XP may contain more than just X、 For example, the NP “the boy who likes this puppy” consists of Det, N and S, with Det being the
specifier, N the head and S the plement、 (P46)
9、  While the meaning of a sentence is abstract and de-contextualized, that of an utterance is concrete and context-dependent、 (P79)
11、 Psycholinguistics relates the study of language to psychology、 It aims to answer such questions as how the human mind works when people use language… (P3)
12、 A diachronic study of language is a historical study; it studies the historical development of language over a period of time、 (P4)
13、 Language is a system, which consists of two sets of structures, or two levels、 At the lower level, there is a structure of meaningless sounds, which can be bined into a large number of meaningful units at the higher level、 This design feature is c

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