管理学名词解释汇总.docx

管理：(management) 协调和监管他人的工作活动，从而使他们有效率有效果地完成工作。
Management involves coordinating and overseeing the work activities of others so that their activities are completed efficiently and effectively.
管理学（management）是一门以社会组织和组织领导为研究对象的社会科学。（维基百科）
Management is a social science whose objective is to study social organization and organizational leadership.
管理职能（management functions）包含计划、组织、领导、控制4种。
It includes Planning, Organizing, Leading and Controlling.
计划(Planning) 设定目标，确定战略，并制定计划以整合和协调各项活动。
Defining goals, establishing strategy and developing plans to coordinate activities.
组织(Organizing) 决定做什么，怎么做，谁去做。
Determining what needs to be done, how it will be done and who is to do it.
领导(Leading) 指导和激励所有的群体和个人，解决冲突。
Motivating, leading and any other actions involved in dealing with people.
控制(Controlling) 监控活动以确保它们按计划完成
Monitoring activities to ensure that they are accomplished as planned.
创新(Innovation) 以不同的方式做事，探索新的领域并承担风险。
Doing things differently, exploring new territory and taking risks.
（Duality Enterprise Management）是指管理的自然属性和社会属性
Refers to the management of the natural and social attributes
（natural quality）是与生产力、社会化大生产相联系的管理自然属性
It is the management of natural attributes associated with productivity and social production.
（Social attributes）是与生产关系、社会制度相联系的管理社会属性
It is the relationship between the production and the social system and the management of social attributes.
(managerial roles)是指管理者按照人们的预期在实践中展示的具体行为或表现。
Refers to the specific behavior or performance management in accordance with the expectations of the people in practice.
（interpersonal roles）涉及人与人（下属以及组织外的人）的关系以及其他礼仪性的和象征性的职责。
Relationships and other ceremonial and symbolic duties, which relate to people and people (as well as to the people outside the organization).
（informational roles）涉及收集、接受和传播信息。
Involves collecting, receiving and disseminating information.
（decisional roles）需要作出决策或选择。
Need to make a decisio