英语词汇学 PPT课件.pptx

Types of Context 语境的类型
In a narrow sense, it refers to the words, clauses, sentences in which a word appears. This is known as linguistic context which may cover a paragraph, a whole chapter and even the entire book. 从狭义上讲，语境是指一个词所在的词群、从句和句群环境，这称为语言语境, 可以包括一个段落，一个章节，甚至整个一本书。
In a broad sense, it includes the physical situation as well. This is called extra-linguistic or non-linguistic context, which embraces the people, time, place, and even the whole cultural background. 从广义上讲，语境还包括物理环境，这称为非语言语境，包括人物、时间、地点，甚至包括整个文化背景。
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Extra-linguistic Context非语言语境
When we talk about context, we usually think of linguistic context , hardly aware of the non- linguistic context situation, which can often exercise greater influence on the meaning of words than we realize. 当我们谈到语境时，我们通常想到语言语境，很少意识到非语言语境，非语言语境对词义施加的影响比我们想象的要大。
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linguistic context
Linguistic context can be subdivided into lexical context and grammatical context. 语言语境还可再分为词汇语境和语法语境。
Lexical context This context refers to the words that occur together with the word in question. The meaning of the word is often affected and defined by the neighbouring words. 这种语境是指与讨论中的词一起出现的单词。这个词的意义经常受邻近词的影响，并被其定义。
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Grammatical context In some cases, the meanings of a word may be influenced by the structure in which it occurs. This is what we call grammatical context. 在有些情况下，一个词的意义可能受其所在结构的影响，这便是我们所称的语法语境。
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The Role of Context: 语境的作用
of Ambiguity. Ambiguity often arises due to polysemy and homonymy. 消除歧义。由于词的多义词和同音同形异义性，歧义现象经常出现。
Grammatical structure can also lead to ambiguity. 语法结构也会引起歧义。
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Indication of
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Provision of Clues for Inferring Word-meaning 提供推断词义的线索
In many cases, when a new word (thought to be) appears for the first time, the author generally manages to give hints which might help the readers to grasp the concept or understand the ，当一个新词（所谓的）第一次出现时，作者一般