毕业论文-关于建筑节能的思考.doc

前言能源是国民经济的重要物质基础, 也是人类赖以生存的基本条件, 能源问题始终是全球性的重大问题。随着国民经济的高速发展和人民生活的日益提高, 对能源的需要越来越大, 能源的供需矛盾日渐突出, 成了制约国民经济发展的主要因素。因此,能源、节能高新技术成为令人瞩目的重要领域。我国的建筑能耗量约占全国总用能量的 1/4 ,居耗能首位。近年来我国建筑业得到了快速的发展,需要大量的建造和运行使用能源,尤其是建筑的采暖和空调耗能。据统计, 1994 年全国仅住宅建筑能耗在基本上不再供热水的情况下为 ×108t 标准煤,占当年全社会能源消耗总量 ×109t 标准煤的 % 。目前每年城镇建筑仅采暖一项需要耗能 ×108t 标准煤, 占全国能源消费总量的 % 左右,占采暖区全社会能源消费的 20% 以上,在一些严寒地区,城镇建筑能耗高达当地社会能源消费的 50% 左右。与此同时,由于建筑供暖燃用大量煤炭等矿物能源,使周围的自然与生态环境不断恶化。在能源的利用过程中, 化石类燃料燃烧时排放到大气的污染物中, 99% 的氮氧化物、 91% 的SO 2、78% 的CO 2、 60% 的粉尘是化石类燃料燃烧时产生的,其中煤燃烧产生的占大多数。燃煤产生的大气污染物中 SO 2占87% 、氮氧化物占 67% ,CO 2占71% ,烟尘占 60% 。由于我国是主要以煤而不是以油、气等优质能源作为主要能源消耗的国家,每年由于燃烧矿物燃料向地球大气排放的二氧化碳仅次于美国居世界第二,预计到 2020 年,中国将取代美国成为世界二氧化碳排放第一大国。因此,中国对于全球气候变暖承担着重大的责任,而作为耗能大户的建筑,其节能也就成为关系国计民生的重大问题。目录摘要······································································································· 1 ······························································································· 2 建筑节能概况··········································································· 2 对建筑是否节能的检测和评估······················································ 3 建筑节能技能在国内外应用现状··················································· 4 本课题研究意义、研究方法、主要内容·········································· 7 小结······················································································· 7 ·································································· 8 我国北方节能建筑的发展前景······················································ 8 我国北方节能建筑存在的问题与缺陷············································· 9 北方节能建筑的改进和探索························································· 9 节能住宅和节能技术存在的问题················································· 10 小结······················································································ 11 3我国节能建筑---- 绿色建筑发展状况··················································· 11 现状与问题············································································ 11 绿色建筑与一般建筑的区别··