如何学好虚拟语气.doc

: .
如何学好虚拟语气
虚拟语气一直是一个令高中学生头疼的语法项目，其实，只要迈 过其中三道关卡，它就不会那么玄乎了。
一、适用语境关
作为有别于陈述语气的一种特别表达方式，虚拟语气有着自
己特有的适应语境。
1. 与事实相反
I were you ， I would accept the invitation without hesitation.
2. 实现的可能性很小 /几乎没有
eg. I wish I were a bird so that I could fly freely in the sky.
3. 礼貌、委婉语气
eg. I would appreciate it a lot if you could reply to my application soon.
二、难点辨析关
1. 主从句时间错综式虚拟
， you would
eg. If you had gone to see the doctor yesterday feel better now.
例句中，从句指过去，主句指的却是现在。
处理此类题型时的要领是：明确主从句身份、定位主从句谓语动 作发生的时间、按照虚拟的表达方式对号入座。又如：
Maybe if I had studied science ， and no literature then ， I would be able to give you more help.
由 if 从句中的 then 可知，从句表示对过去的虚拟，主句则用
would be able to 表示对现在的假设。
2. 条件隐蔽式虚拟
有时假设的情况并不用条件从句表示，而是由 otherwise ，but
for ，without ，or 等来引导。
eg. But for their help ， we could not have finished the program in time.
I was so busy then. Otherwise ， I would have gone to help him.
这几个词的基本意义有着明显不同：
would （ not ） （就）会（不会）
If he had followed my advice ， he wouldn 't have lost his job.
could （not ） 能（不能）
Given more time ， the director could have made a better film.
should （not ） /Ought （ not ） to 该（不该）
The flowers are dead. I should have given them more water.
might （ not ）可能（可能不）
If you hadn 't reminded me ， I might have forgotten.
当然，在处理具体题目时，除了要准确理解和掌握这几个词的基 本用法外，还应充分利用试题所设置的