Iceberg Principle冰山原则 Iceberg Principle “冰山原则”创作理论 精品资料 你怎么称呼老师？ 如果老师最后没有总结一节课的重点的难点，你是否会认为老师的教学方法需要改进？ 你所经历的课堂，是讲座式还是讨论式？ 教师的教鞭 “不怕太阳晒，也不怕那风雨狂，只怕先生骂我笨，没有学问无颜见爹娘 ……” “太阳当空照，花儿对我笑，小鸟说早早早……” Outline 1 2 3 4 Origin and Definition Background Methods and Representative examples Development and Influence Origin and Definition 1 Origin If a writer of prose knows enough of what he is writing about, he may omit things that he knows and the reader, if the writer is writing truly enough, will have a feeling of those things as strongly as though the writer had stated them. The dignity of movement of an ice-berg is due to only one-eighth of it being above water. A writer who omits things because he dose not know them only makes hollow places in his writing. --Ernest Hemingway in the Death in the Afternoon Definition The theory of omission 所谓“冰山原则”，就是用简洁的文字塑造出鲜明的形象，把自身的感受和思想情绪最大限度的埋藏在形象之中，使之情感充沛却含而不露、思想深沉而隐而不晦，从而将文学的可感性与可思性巧妙的结合起来，让读者对鲜明形象的感受去发掘作品的思想意义。 Definition 简洁的文字、鲜明的形象、丰富的情感和深刻的思想是构成”冰山原则”的四个基本要素。具体地说，文字和形象是所谓的“八分之一”，而情感和思想是所谓的“八分之七”。前两者是具体可见的，后两者是寓于前两者之中的。文字塑造了形象，形象包含了情感，而情感之中蕴涵着思想。诚然，就一般文学作品而言，这四个要素都是必不可少的，但在海明威的作品中显得尤为突出，因为他强调了情感和思想的含蓄性。 Background 2
