高考定语从句趣味比喻高中语法定语从句.doc

高考定语从句趣味比喻 高中语法定语从句
高高中中定定语语从从句句总总结结及及练练习习
欣赏谚语:
1. He who knows nothing but pretends to know everything
is indeed a good-for –，一事无成.
2. It’s the first step that ，始于足下
3. He who makes himself a sheep shall be eaten by the wolf.
甘当小绵羊，迟早要喂狼.
who laughs last laughs best. 谁笑在最后，谁笑得最好。
helps those who help 。
?. 概念:
(1) 定语从句:在主从复合句中用作定语修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧接在先行词)后面。
(2) 先行词:被定语从句修饰的成份。先行词可以为一个
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词，短语，或整个主句。
(3) 引导定语从句的词叫关系词，分为关系代词和关系副词。
关系词的作用:
1) 引导定语从句，连接主句和从句，相当于一个连词;
2) 必在从句中作某个句子成份(关系代词:主语，宾语，表语，定语;关系副词:状语) 常用的关系代词: that、 which、 who、whom、whose、as常用的关系副词(在从句中只作状语): when、why、 where
The student who answered the question was John.
I know the reason why he was so angry.
The boy (whom) you are talking to is my brother.
I’d like a room whose window looks out over the sea.
定语从句三步:
第一找出先行词;
第二看引导词在定语从句中的语法功能(做主语、宾语或状语);如果除引导词外的部分是完整的句子(五种简单句的任何一种及there be 句型)就用关系副词;否则用关系代词 第三选择合适的关系词。
I. 关系代词/副词
?. 几个关系代词的基本用法:
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: 可指人或物;在定语从句中作主语，宾语，表语。
(指人时，相当于who或 whom;指物时，相当于which)(一
般不用于非限制性定语从句; 不可置于介词后作宾语) 如:
A letter that/which is written in pencil is difficult to read. (主语)
. Do you know the gentleman that/who spoke just now?
. You can take anything ( that) you like. (宾语)
. Here is the man ( who/whom/that ) you want to see.
She’s no longer the girl ( that) she used to be before.(表语)
2. which: 指物;在定语从句中作主语，宾语，表语，定语。
如:
. The book which/that was on the desk was bought by my father.(主语)
The book (which/that) I bought yesterday is very interesting.(宾语)
that 和 which:的比较:在定语从句中，which 和that 在
指代事物时，一般可以互换使用，但并非在任何情况下都是
这样，这里介绍只用that, 而不宜用which 的情况.
?先行词为不定代词, all, much, something, everything,
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anything, nothing, none, the one等. We should do all that is
useful to the people .
There’s nothing that can be said about it .
.Do you mean the one that was bought yesterday?
?先行词被only, any, few, little, no, just, very, one of等词
修饰时。
1The onl