英语语法分析句子成分分析.doc

第 1 页
一、英语中的句子成分分析
I met my best friend Tom at the ststion yesterday.
主语 谓语 定语 宾语 同位语 状语
1、主语：是一句的主体，是全句诉说的对象，常用名词、数词或代词担任（是全句谈论的中心话题）。例：
(1) Students syudy.（名词） (2)We are fridends.（代词）
(3)To go to good university is his first goal.（不定式）
(4)Doing morning exercise is good for your health.（动名词）
(5)Jane is good at playing the piano.
(6)Four plus four is eight.
2、谓语：是对主语加以陈述，表示主语的行为或状态，常用动词或动词词组担任，放在主语的后面（主语做什么了、怎么了）。例：
(1)Students study.（实意动词） (2)We are friends.（be动词）
(3)We love China . (4)He can speak English.（复合谓语）
3、宾语：表示行为的对象，常由名词或代词担任，放在和物动词或代词之后（动作的对象，目标；位于和物动词之后）。
(a)He gave me some books.
间接宾语 直接宾语
(b)Please pass me the book. (c)He bought me some flowers.
They are teachers. (3) I play with him.
We love watching football games.
4、宾语补足语：是对宾语进行补充说明，宾语和宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语。
(1)I found the book interesting. (2)Do you smell something burning?
(3)He made himself known to them. (4)She asked me to lend her a hand.
5、定语：是用来说明或者限制名词的成分，常用形容词或者相当于形容词的短语或从句担任（是用来说明名词或代词性质特点的词）。
(1)This is a red sun. (2)The black bike is mine.
(3)He is a tall boy. (4)She is a chemistry teacher.
(5)The lady who is wearing red dress is our new teacher.
6、状语：是用来说明动词，形容词，副词、介词短语或整个句子的成分，常由副词担任。
第 2 页
(1)The students study hard. (2)I often write to him.
(3)The bag is too heavy.