非谓语动词作主宾表定状补.doc

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语法探究----非谓语动词〔作主语，宾语，表语〕
主语
宾语
表语
不定式
〔to do〕
否认形式：
not to do
表示特定的某一次具体的动作。
①To finish the work in ten days is very hard.
②To change the whole plan is very difficult.
{说明}有时可用it作形式主语，将作真正主语的不定式后置。
①It is very hard to finish the work in ten days.
②It is very difficult to change the whole plan.
常跟在一些动词后作宾语，如decide/refuse/hope/agree/pretend/fail/manage/plan/promise等
①We agreed to meet here.
②He managed to catch sight of some mountain goats.
{说明}在如下结构中，用it作形式宾语而将作宾语的不定式后置。
find/think/consider it +adj. +to do
③We thought it better to start early.
④I find it hard to work with him.
表示将来的打算或目的。
①His wish is to buy a car in the near future.
他的愿望是在不久的将来买辆车。
②The next step is to make sure of the time.
下一步是把时间弄清楚。
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--ing形式〔doing〕
否认形式：
not doing
表示经常性的抽象的行为。
①Swimming is a best sport in summer.
②Living without an aim is like sailing without a pass(指南针).
{说明}在如下句型中唱常用it作形式主语。
It is no use doing sth.
It is no good doing sth.
It is a waste of time doing sth.
常跟在介词，某些动词或动词短语后作宾语。
如：miss/avoid/finish/
practice/enjoy/suggest/permit/imagine/can’t help/give up/look forward to/spend time (in) doing sth/have difficulty (in) doing sth等
①You’d better avoid meeting him.
②He is practising playing the piano.
1)表示主语的特点“令人……的〞
①The book is interesting.
②The news is exciting.
2)表示主语的具体内容。
③His job is delivering newspapers.
④What I hate most is being laughed at.
过去分词〔done〕
×
×
表示主语所处的状态“…的〞
①The door remained locked.
②He seemed quite pleased at the idea.
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语法填空
One learns a language by making mistakes and ___________(correct) them.
2. China recently tightened its waters controls near the Huangyan Island to prevent Chinese fishing boats from ______________(attack) in the South China Sea.
’ve had a good start, but next, more work needs _____________ (do)to achieve the final success.