功能语言学.ppt

功能语言学
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Modality system
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might----can----can----would----will----almost----certainly----need to----perhaps----would-------could----can----could----could-------might----could----do not need to---- need to----can----can----can----can----probably----need to---- sometimes--- needs to----can----might----be possible to
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Analysis of three kinds of meaning
I. On the perspective of type
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Commodity Exchange
Speech Function
Types of Intermediacy
Frequency
Proportion(%)
Information
Proposition
Statement
Modalization
Probability
21

Question
Usuality
1

Goods & Services
Proposal
Command
Modulation
Obligation
5

Offer
Inclination
2

total
29
100
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might(L)----can(L)----can(L)----would(M)----will(M)----almost(H)----certainly(H)----need to(H)----perhaps(L)----would(M)----could(L)----can(L)----could(L)----could(L)----might(L)----could(L)----do not need to(H)----need to(H)----can(L)----can(L)----can(L)----can(L)----probably(M)----need to(H)----sometimes(L)----needs to(H)----can(L)----might(L)----be possible to(L)
H---High M---Median L---Low
II. On the perspective of value
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Value
Probability
Usuality
Obligation
Inclination
Frequency
Proportion(%)
High
almost ---1 certainly---1
need to---5
7

Median
probably---1
would---1
would ---1 will---1
4

Low
might---3 can---8 perhaps---1 could---4 possible---1
sometimes---1
18

Total
21
1
5
2
29
100
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III. On the perspective of orientation
Orientation refers to the basic distinction that determines how each type of modality will be realized. Based on Halliday’s theory，the speakers may express their opinions in the way that makes it clear whether they are their subjective points of view or they are objective qualities of events themselves. There are some intermediate grounds of e