关于叶芝诗歌中的女性面具.pdf

iii 内容摘要作为西方文学从浪漫主义向现代主义过渡时期的重要作家之一威廉巴特勒叶芝一生不断追求自己诗艺的革新----从后期浪漫派唯美派象征主义到现代主义并在每个时期里都取得了非凡的成就他晚期的诗歌将现实象征玄思三种文学传统中的优秀因素很好地结合起来形成了自己独特的哲学体系和象征主义体系在爱尔兰文学史上以至于世界文学史上筑起了一座丰碑面具理论是叶芝对现代主义的主要贡献之一面具是指出自其内在本质的一切情感的对立面即反自我对立自我或准自我是情感的再创造自我只有找到且自觉模仿反自我人格才有可能发展完善而且在此过程中还会有所创造诗人通过对性格中潜在的被忽视面的探索和研究和有意识的对心中集体无意识的开掘使诗歌从另一个角度反映了心灵的矛盾性和丰富性使自我的内涵大大地丰富了叶芝把面具多重性和人格等理论付诸实践吸收和发展了现代派的技巧为诗歌开拓出了新的表现领域叶芝的幻象一书阐述了关于历史的运动和人格的不同类型的理论他运用该理论对自己进行测试发现了内在于自身的女性反自我是其后期诗歌创作和神秘主义研究的主要动力这一发现不仅丰富了叶芝对世俗和精神现实的看法也积极地改变了他对艺术创作过程的理解诗人创作时戴上女性面具进入到角色的内心之中通过一个女性第三者的声音写作并与诗人自己的声音形成复调这种复调的诗歌和多重女性面具是一位男性诗人的声音与其女性反自我之间的声音在作品中的呼应它既反映了诗人的内心对诗歌艺术美学神秘主义爱情的追求也使读者从另一角度窥探了诗人丰富的内心世界叶芝的复调诗歌已经超越了文学和艺术的界限而融合了社会学女性学心理学以及哲学领域的成分在本文中笔者从对叶芝的面具理论和其哲学思想体系的分析入手论述了其理论成就对现代主义诗歌的贡献及意义并通过对其戴有女性反自我面具的诗歌如所罗门与示巴所罗门与女巫一个女人的青年与老年疯狂的简和月之盈亏等的解读阐述了女性面具的形成与发展及其理论意义关键词面具理论自我与反自我女性面具,人的统一 ii Abstract William Butler Yeats, one of the most important figures in the transitional period from Romanticism to Modernism, struggled for a systematic updating of subject matter and style throughout his literary career and wroteextraordinary poems in every school he was involved in whether it was Post-Romanticism, Aesthetism, Symbolism or Modernism. In his later years, bining reality, symbols and metaphysics together, he formed his own unique systems of philosophy and symbolism, thus inscribing his name in literary history of the world as well as that of Ireland. The Theory of the Mask isone of Yeats’s major contributions to Modernism. Mask refers to one’s own intrinsic opposite or antithetical self and the recreation of his emotion. Only when one’s self finds its anti-self and unifies with it consciously, can one’s personality achieve perfection. And creation springs from this ’s theory and practice of Mask and personality explore new spheres for poetic expression since his poetry reflects the richness and contradictions of soul by probing and studying this potential, overlooked aspect of personality. In A Vision, Yeats expatiated on histheories