安乐死的伦理困境及其伦理导向.doc

上海师范大学硕士学位论文安乐死的伦理困境及其伦理导向姓名:陈汇申请学位级别:硕士专业:伦理学指导教师:王正平 20020401 摘要从生到死是人类繁衍发展的自然规律然而随着医学的进步生死问题也在发生着变化医疗技术的发展可以不断延长病人的死亡时间安乐死在生命伦理学上的地位日显突出尤其是荷兰安乐死的合法化更使安乐死问题在 21 世纪又重新引起人们的关注人们在追求死的安乐的同时面临着众多伦理难题本文研究安乐死的伦理问题着重探讨安乐死的伦理困境以及其伦理价值导向现代讨论的安乐死可以从病人的意愿实施的对象理由方法等来加以界定并通过不同标准来给予区分安乐死在伦理学上的可行性可以由减少病人痛苦对个人权力的尊重对生命价值死亡尊严的追求以及有利于社会资源的合理分配等来证明然而反对安乐死也从生命神圣有悖于医德难以决断滑坡论证等论据中寻找到其伦理支撑安乐死的伦理冲突存在医道与人道的冲撞生命神圣论与生命质量论生命价值论的冲突义务论与功利论的矛盾生死自决权的选择难题一些社会调查的数据表明中国对安乐死的态度较为宽容这为安乐死在中国的实施提供了可能性安乐死与中国传统伦理有相背的一面也有相通的一面但相背一面是主要的就目前而言安乐死在中国不可行然而安乐死内含着一定的伦理价值导向体现了伦理价值观念的转变关键词安乐死生死伦理难题中国传统伦理伦理导向 1 Abstract From life to death is the order of nature in human beings ’ evolution. However, with the advancement of medicine, the question of life and death has been changing too. The development of medical treatment can move a patient ’s death till a more and more delayed time. Euthanasia is playing an ever increasing role in Bioethics. The legalization of euthanasia in herlands, in particular, has brought great attention to euthanasia again in the twenty-first century. Humans are facing a great number of ethnical problems in their pursuit ofa painless death. This thesis, focusing on the ethnical predicament and guidance of euthanasia, aims to make a study on the ethnical issues of euthanasia. Euthanasia discussed nowadays can be categorized according to the will of patient, the object, reason, and method of implementation, and is distinguished by different standards. The ethnical feasibility of euthanasia can be proved by its relief of patient ’s pain, its respect for individual ’s rights, its pursuit of the value of life and dignity of death, and its effect in distributing properly social resources. However, those who oppose euthanasia can find ethnical support in arguments such as life is sacred, killing is against medical morals, implementation decision is hard to make, as well as in landslide reasoning. The ethnical conflict of euthanasia consists of the conflict between medical knowledge and humanism, the