弹性理论-需求弹性分析.ppt

第三讲需求弹性分析阅读: 教材第 3章 Evaluation only. Evaluation only. Created with Client Profile . Created with Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 2016-12-28 YU YIHONG 2本讲论题?需求的价格弹性?需求的收入弹性?需求的交叉价格弹性?市场需求的估计 Evaluation only. Evaluation only. Created with Client Profile . Created with Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 2016-12-28 YU YIHONG 3 需求的价格弹性?弹性的一般定义——度量一个变量的变化关于另一个变量变化的敏感程度?因另一个变量变化百分之一所带来的该变量变化的百分比: Q XX QXX QQE??????/ / Evaluation only. Evaluation only. Created with Client Profile . Created with Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 2016-12-28 YU YIHONG 4影响需求的主要因素及相应的弹性?价格?价格弹性?消费者收入 ?收入弹性?相关商品的价格 ?交叉价格弹性 Evaluation only. Evaluation only. Created with Client Profile . Created with Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 2016-12-28 YU YIHONG 5需求价格弹性的定义?因价格变动百分之一所带来的需求量变化的百分比: ?这里 P与Q是指初始的价格与相应的销量?价格弹性通常是个负数?价格上涨与价格下降的弹性可能不同 P QQ PPP QQE p??????/ / Evaluation only. Evaluation only. Created with Client Profile . Created with Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 2016-12-28 YU YIHONG 6弹性充足与弹性不充足?用其绝对值来衡量?>1?弹性充足?<1 ?弹性不足?=1 ?单位弹性?=0 ?完全无弹性?=??弹性无穷大 Evaluation only. Evaluation only. Created with Client Profile . Created with Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 2016-12-28 YU YIHONG 7点弹性?当?P趋于零的时候需求曲线上某一点的弹性如果 Q=f ( P ), 几何意义: E P = AD / AC Q PP QE p???AD CPQ