英语写作手册-英文版-知识点(共14页).doc

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Part One
Manuscriptords词的类型
The words that are often used may be divided, from a stylistic point of view, into three types: formal, common, and informal.
Formal words may also be called learned words, or literary words, or "big" words. They mainly appear in formal writing, most of them are seldom used in daily conversation, except for special purposes.
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   those that people use every day, and appear in all kinds of writing., they are called common words.
There are words which are mainly used in informal or familiar conversation. They seldom appear in formal writing, and in literary works their main use is to record people's thoughts and dialogues. They are usually short words of one or two syllables and most of them are of Saxon origin We may call them informal words
Slang words are highly informal; they may be vivid and interesting, but they may, when used inappropriately, make the writer or speaker sound offensive or funny
Ⅱ. The Meaning of Words词义
The meaning of a word has two aspects: denotative and connotative. A word's denotation is what it literally means, as defined by the dictionary; its connotation is the feeling or idea suggested by it.
Ⅲ. General and Specific Words泛指词和特指词
Specific words help to make writing clear, exact, vivid, and striking, for they are more informative and expressive than general words.
Ⅳ. Idioms习语
An idiom is a fixed group of words with a special meaning which is different from the meanings of the words that form it.
Idioms are frequently used in speech and writing. They help to make one's language sound natural and idiomatic.
Ⅴ. Figures of Speech修辞
Words used in their original meanings are used literally, while words used in extended meanings for the purpose of making comparisons or calling up pictures in the reader's or l