美国文学简史-期末复习资料(共8页).docx

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The Colonial Period
eginning of the Transcendentalism---1836, Nature, Emerson (1830s –the Civil War)
Features：a:emphasizing on spirit or the Over-soul；b:stressing the importance of the individual；c:offering a fresh perception of nature as symbolic of the Spirit or God.
Ralph Waldo Emerson：The founder of the Transcendentalist club and the editor for a time of the journal the Dial
Works:
Nature --- “the Manifesto of American Transcendentalism” “the Bible of New England”:
The Poet (from Nature)
The American Scholar --- “Intellectual Declaration of Independence”
Henry David Thoreau
Masterpiece: Walden (Failure first, success in the 20th century)
Content---a faithful record of his reflection in communicating with nature
Nathaniel Hawthorne
“The Scarlet Letter”
Plot(P74)
Theme:
---(general theme) evil and sin exist in human heart and will be punished one day
moral, emotional and psychological effect of the sin on the people in general
---(specific theme) a hymn on the moral growth of the woman Hester when sinned against
symbolism象征主义: “A”—Adultery—able—angel
“pearl”—treasure
Herman Melville
works: Moby Dick (1851)---little response, famous until the 20th century
Content:
---(general content) an encyclopedia of everything
---(specific content) a