劳动力市场(labor market)：labor srevices are rented not sold;labor productivity is affected by pay and working cinditions;the 劳动力市场(labor market)：labor srevices are rented not sold;labor productivity is affected by pay and working cinditions;the suppliers of labor care about the way in which the labor is used.
实证经济学(positive economics):an attenpt to describe how the economy operates using the scientific method.
规范经济学(normative economics):relies on value judgment to evaluate the overall functioning of the economy.
帕累托最优(pareto optimality):under ideal conditions,markets result in pareto efficient outcomes.
帕累托改进(pareto improvement):is a policy to have at least conductive to a person not be any other damage.
市场失灵(market failure):(1)不知情:imperfect information (2)交易障碍:transation barriers (3)外部性:the nonexistence of markets when externalities are present (4)公共物品:public goods (5)价格扭曲:price distortions
内部劳动力市场(internal labor market):is present in the internal labor market it is actually the internal system of labor constracts and employment arrangements sum
一级劳动力市场(primary labor market):high wayes and stable employment relationships.
二级劳动力市场(secondary labor market):low wages and unstable relationships.
劳动力(labor force):individuals aged 16 or about who are either working or actively seeking work.
失业(unemployment):those who are not working but are actively seeking work
劳动力的参与率(labo
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