中国文化的基本特征.ppt

(一) (一) 地理环境对中国文化的影响 Evaluation only. Evaluation only. Created with Client Profile . Created with Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 从自然地理环境看文化的类型?游牧文化、农耕文化、商业文化?游牧文化发源在高寒的草原地带; ?农耕文化发源于河流灌溉平原; ?商业文化发源在滨海地带以及近海之岛屿。?三种自然环境,决定了三种生活方式;三种生活方式,形成了三种文化类型。 Evaluation only. Evaluation only. Created with Client Profile . Created with Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 敕勒川,阴山下,天似穹庐,笼盖四野。天苍苍,野茫茫,风吹草低见牛羊。 Evaluation only. Evaluation only. Created with Client Profile . Created with Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only. Evaluation only. Created with Client Profile . Created with Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 冯天瑜大河—农业文明的稳定持重,与江河灌溉造成两岸居民农耕生活的稳定性有关; 草原——游牧文明的粗旷剽悍、惯于掠夺,与来自草原多变的恶劣气候提供的“射生饮血”的游牧生活方式有关; 海洋—商业文明的外向开拓精神,则与陆上资生环境的内不足和大海为海洋民族的流动生活提供纵横驰骋、扬帆异域的条件有关。 Evaluation only. Evaluation only. Created with Client Profile . Created with Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 南方与北方刘师培《南北文学不同论》: “大抵北方之地,土厚水深,民生其间,多尚实际。南方之地,水势浩洋,民生其际,多尚虚无”。 Evaluation only. Evaluation only. Created with Client Profile . Created with Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. ,形成了基于农耕文明的民族文化性格。首先,求实入世的生活态度。“几分耕耘,几分收获”,“种瓜得瓜,种豆得豆”“重实际而黜玄想”。其次,对人与人、人与自然和谐一体的认识。对自然界的依赖、感恩戴德的心情。追寻一种“天人合一”的境界。 Evaluation only. Evaluation only. Created with Client Profil