专四语法之非谓语动词.ppt

专四语法之非谓语动词.PPT专四语法复习之非谓语动词
谓语动词形式?非谓语动词形式?
teaches
teaching
will teach
having taught
was taught
are teaching
to teach
teach
分词 v-ed & v-ing
不定式(to) + v
动名词 v-ing
非谓语动词
1
非谓语动词有时态和语态吗?
语态
时态
主动
不定式
动名词
现在分词
过去分词
一般
to do
doing
doing
完成
to have
done
having
done
having
done
进行
to be
doing
非谓语动词不仅有时态,而且有语态,具体形式见下表
语态
时态
被动
不定式
动名词
现在分词
过去分词
一般
to be done
being
done
being done
完成
to have
been
done
Having
been
done
Having
been done
1
非谓语动词的时态和语态
注意:
过去分词无所谓主动和被动式,有且只有一般式done。
2
非谓语动词的否定式怎么表达?
1. 因为不按时上学,他经常受到老师批评。
He is often criticized by the teacher because of __________ __________ to school on time.
,这个明星戴了副墨镜。
In order ______ _______ _______ __________ by the public, the star wore a pair of sunglasses.
not to be recognized
not going
非谓语动词的否定式为 not + 非谓语动词
3
非谓语动词在句中作什么成分?
主语
谓语
宾语
定语
状语
补语
动名词
√
×
√
√
×
×
现在
分词
×
×
×
√
√
√
不定
式
√
×
√
√
√
√
过去
分词
×
×
×
√
√
√
4
不定式和动名词作主语时有何区别?
不定式做主语强调结果,多是个别的、具体的或是一次性的动作,也可表示将来的动作。
To solve this problem is out of question.
To read English novels this evening will take most of my time.
动名词做主语强调进程或状态,多是一般或抽象的多次行为。
Swimming is good exercise.
Reading English novels is really great fun.
1. _______ should not e a serious disadvantage in life and work.
A. To be not tall B. Not being tall
C. Being not tall D. Not to be tall
2. It is necessary to be prepared for a job interview: ______ the answers ready will be of great help.
A. to have had B. having had
C. have D. having
B
D
不定式和动名词都可以用it来代替作形式主语,但在含有no,-less等否定词的句子里,常用动名词作主语。
It is useless talking with her.
It is no good discussing with her.
不定式的逻辑主语一般由介词for引导,但下列表示人的性格行为特征的形容词做表语时, 不定式的逻辑主语则由of引导。
It’s clever of you to have invented such a device。
Experts say walking is one of the best ways for a person to stay healthy.
Attention!