【哲学论文】冯友兰内圣外王思想研究.pdf.pdf

西北师范大学
硕士学位论文
冯友兰内圣外王思想研究
姓名:陈博
申请学位级别:硕士
专业:中国哲学
指导教师:范鹏
2009-06
摘要

“内圣外王”一词,囊括中国学术之全体。无论是先秦诸子、宋明道学,抑
或是近现代新儒家,究其思想之发端与运思之理路,无不于此有关。
所谓“内圣”就是指内修“成德之教”,以达人之所至。所谓“外王”则即
为外施“仁德之治”,以尽人之所能。“内圣”反应的是一种内省、慎独式的道德
理想与人格完善。“外王”则昭示着一种由内修潜发的博施济众、利济苍生的实
存关怀。传统内圣外王思想的运思理路是一种“本末一贯”、“圣王一体”的理论
架构。由内在之修以达外在实践为根本。内圣与外王之间是一种“一而二、二而
一”的上承下达关系。但理论上的理想预设并不能保证其在实际中的切合相应。
这种脱离现实的道德理想在被拖入到形域之内,具体的历史环境中时,就不可避
免的暴露出了它所内含的理论困境。道德理想与现实政治的矛盾,“天人合一”、
“仁民爱物”与追名逐利、霸权政治的冲突,使得历代先哲的崇高理想在现实面
前遭致无情的践踏与漠视。然,成己之心终不可昧,成物之情若何以堪!随着近
代中国民族矛盾,社会文化问题的日趋加重,传统的内圣外王思想再次成为时代
显学。
冯友兰作为二十世纪中国最富创见性、最有影响力的哲学家之一,其从中西
哲学及其文化交融、汇通的角度对“内圣外王”这一传统思想展开了新的时代诠
释。通过建构最哲学的哲学——形上学哲学体系,进而使得内圣与外王之间呈现
出彼此并行而又相互独立的全新关系。本文正是通过对内圣外王这一中国传统哲
学的核心内涵、价值取向的历史流变演说,来系统阐发冯友兰在新的历史条件和
时代境遇下对这一思想所做出的全新诠释和创见性架构。以兹凸显冯友兰对内圣
外王这一中国哲学核心内涵的理论贡献及其限制。

关键词:冯友兰;内圣外王;内圣;外王



II
Abstract
"Saint outside the King" the term includes all of the Chinese academic. Both the
Pre-Qin, Song and Ming Road Study, or near the modern Neo-Confucianism are
traced to the originator of the idea of logic thinking and shipped, all of this relevant.
The so-called "saint" is the means "in Chengde of Education" to the people of
Ultimate. The so-called "outside the King" will be outside the facilities, "Rendell
rule" in order to make the best people. "Saint" is an introspective response, Shendu
type of moral ideal and perfect personality. "Outside the King" is means a submarine
repair hair from the inside of the Jeju people bosch, Lee Ji-existence of mon
people care. Saint outside the traditional idea of Wang Yun-thinking logic is a kind of
"cart before the horse has always been," "one king" theory of architecture. From the
intrinsic to the repair of the external practice of the fundamental. Between the saint
and outside the King is a kind of "one and two, two and one" on the issue for the
relationship. However, the ideal in theory, the default can not guarantee that in
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