词汇学-1.ppt

Modern English Lexicology
词汇学
What is lexicology?
--the science of the derivation and signification of words: a branch of linguistics that treats of the signification (sense) and application of words
--from Webster’s Third New
International Dictionary
Modern English Lexicology?
The Purpose of This Course
--to help summarize what you have learned.
--to acquire a systematic knowledge of English vocabulary, . the formation and historical development of English vocabulary.
--to improve ability to enlarge personal vocabulary and choose the right words to use in a given context.
Remindings
--not ‘ invent’ any new words after learning certain principles,. able,unable,uncapable, incapable
--not enough to study the ‘knowledge’ only, read more and try to analyze
A General Survey of  Eng Vocabulary
(What is the smallest unit of speech?)
of ‘word’
--bound forms & free forms
---. bookish / ‘Poor John!’, John ran away. ‘Help!’
--A word is a fundamental unit of speech and a minimum free form; with a unity of sound and meaning (both lexical &grammatical meaning), capable of performing a given syntactic function .
The Development of English Vocabulary
A. Before 20th century
--the earliest inhabitants---Celts (Britons)
--55BC~410AD Roman Conquest
--- ‘castra’(Latin):military camp
---- Manchester Lancaster
--450AD~1100AD: OE/AS period
---invasion of Angles, Saxons & Jutes in 450
---language: English replaced Celtic
OE period
OE words: chiefly Anglo-Saxon with a small mixture of Old Norse ( Danish conquest of English in 9th century)
Alliteration in OE poems:
--friend or foe, might and main,
--a labour of love
Introduction of christianity from Rome in 597, Latin words borrowed into English:
--lead sb. to the altar / candle/disciple/hymn/
priest/pope/shrine/martyr/nun
ME period(1100~1500)
( A well-educated Englishman / American can guess content of a Fr. Newspaper.)
Norman Conquest in 1066
English: greatly influenced by French
French