正话反说反话正说.ppt

Affirmative vs. Negative 正话反说与反话正说
一、教学重点:
1. 英译汉的正反交替
2. 否定的陷阱
二、教学内容:
英汉翻译中的正反交替
Lead-in
香港的公共汽车上有一句英文:
Please tender exact fare.
恕不找赎。/ 恕不找零。
Lead-in
在公示语的翻译中,要避免生硬。
如果把“禁止”翻译成“Don’t”。口气就比较生硬,不委婉。如“Don’t pick the flowers.”(禁止摘花);
“Don’t throw something out of the train.”(禁止往车窗外扔东西);
“Don’t tread on the lawn.”(禁止践踏草坪);
“Don’t make noise.”(禁止喧哗)等。
当然这些句子无论是在语法上还是意思上都是正确的,但是语气显得很重,给人一种距离感。
英语是一种强调委婉的语言,在公园这样的地方一般不使用Don’t这样生硬的词。如“禁止摘花”可以译为“Keep away from the flowers , please . ”或者“Take care of the flowers, please.”这两句表达的是一个意思,但让人读了很舒服,使人不自觉地生出一种爱花的心情,把爱花当成是自己应尽的义务,跟竖牌子人的心情相一致。Take care of 带有拟人色彩,将花看成是一个baby(孩子), 要人们像爱护和关心baby一样去爱护花木。如此, 这个牌子的目的便达到了。
“禁止喧哗”可以译为Quiet, please。
此外有些公共场所的提示语在英语中有其固定的用法如“No spitting”(禁止吐痰), “No smoking”(禁止吸烟)等等,但No与Don't不一样,它更多地用在中性语境中。我们见到“不许动”,脑海中立即闪现Don't move, 而事实上外国警察所说的却是Freeze,或者Hold it。见到“动我就打死你”自然想到If you move, I'll shoot you.,而外国警察常说的却是 Move and you are dead, man.。所以,我们应该掌握外国警察在类似情况下会怎样表达,而不是按照自己的表达习惯,用英文词把它说出来,虽然有时也可达意,但毕竟不是地道的英语。
Differences in syntax in Chinese and in English decide that the ways of affirmations and negations are made vary greatly in the two languages.
Put it this way: the way a British person says NO can sometimes be shockingly different from the way we put it. A typical example is when somebody pays you pliment, and out of modesty, you would say “不,不;别这样说。” Suppose you have to say, “No, no. don’t say like this”; or “Thank you. You are so kind.” If you opt for the first answer, the other person will probably feel offended unless he is a person with a great sense of humor. Of course, this example perhaps illustrated the cultural difference more than the language difference. Nevertheless it serves as a good example that we should be careful with the way we say YES and NO in a language different from our own.
Warm-up Activity
请翻译下面的句子:
Suddenly he heard a sound behind him and realized he was not alone in the garage.
Haste makes waste.
欲速则不达
Appearances are deceptive.
还有别人
有欺骗性/靠不住/不可靠
Negat