论文写作-讨论部分-Discussion.ppt

How to write discussion section
Things to be included
What biological principles have been established or confirmed?
How do your pare to the findings of others?
Are there any theoretical or practical implications of your work?
How do the results relate to the hypotheses or previous results upon which the study was based.
Discussion
What do your findings mean?
Describe the principles, relationships, and generalizations implied by the results
Keep as short as possible, so readers grasp take-home message
Should anized with a beginning, a middle, and an end
Discussion: Beginning
Sentence 1: Clearly state the answer to the research question
Next, your conclusions based on the results—strongest evidence first
Never begin with a survey of background information
Never repeat background information from Introduction
Discussion: Middle
Interpret the results: how they support the answer to the research question
Discuss topics relating to the answer in descending order of importance
Discuss your own or others' studies, placing your findings in their context
Discussion: Middle (cont’d)
Present your least impressive results
Explain any study limitations
Explain any unexpected findings
Anticipate valid criticisms
Help your readers gauge
What can be confidently learned
What is more speculative
Discussion: End
End strong: what’s the take-home message?
Restate the answer to the research question
Mention possible applications, implications, or speculations
Consider what next? Suggest future work
tips
Do not repeat your full description of the results in the Discussion, but you may briefly summarize the results again in the first paragraph.
Avoid unqualified statements and conclusions that are pletely supported by your data.
Avoid priority statements like “For the first time”.
Beware of extrapolating conclusions from one species to another.
Tenses
Use present tense for known or proved facts;
Use past tense to describe the results of the current study.
P99
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