环境工程毕业论文.doc

本科毕业论文(设计)
题目:毒死蜱和高效氯氰菊酯对土壤微生物活性的影响
姓名: JP 学号:
院(系):环境学院专业:环境工程
指导教师: 姚俊职称: 教授
评阅人: 职称:

2008 年 6 月
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本人以信誉声明:所呈交的毕业论文(设计)是在导师指导下进行的研究工作及取得的研究成果,论文中引用他人的文献、数据、图件、资料均已明确标注出,论文中的结论和结果为本人独立完成,不包含他人成果及为获得中国地质大学或其他教育机构的学位或证书而使用过的材料。与我一同工作的同志对本研究所做的任何贡献均已在论文中作了明确的说明并表示了谢意。
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摘要
目前对杀虫剂的研究主要集中在两个方面:杀虫剂的生物降解以及其毒性。然而,很少有文献报道杀虫剂对土壤微生物的影响。在本次实验中,我们探讨了两种杀虫剂毒死蜱和高效氯氰菊酯对土壤微生物活性的影响。本次实验所使用的土壤没有被农药污染。,微生物总是显示非常弱的新陈代谢,证实了所取土壤中微生物不能降解毒死蜱和高效氯氰菊酯。
土壤微生物在含有营养液的安瓿瓶中,,在35%的湿度和28 ºC的温度下培养。农药的量逐渐增加,从0到720µg,然后记录功率-时间曲线。结果显示,增加农药能直接影响土壤微生物新陈代谢。加入的农药量越大,土壤微生物的活性越低。从样品的功率-时间曲线中可以计算出:热效应(QT),最大放热功率(PM),峰值时间(TM),生长常数(k)等参数。从数据资料中来更好的探究获得的结果。这项研究在农药的应用对土壤微生物的影响和使用新的农药方面有一定的价值。
关键词:毒死蜱高效氯氰菊酯微量量热仪总热效应土壤微生物活性
Abstract
Investigation of pesticide mainly focuses on two aspects: the biodegradation of pesticide and its toxicity. However, few literatures report the influence of the application of pesticide on microflora residing in a pesticide-free soil. In this study, we report the impact of two pesticides, chlorpyrifos and beta-cypermethrin, on soil microbial activities, and this soil has not been polluted by pesticide before. A multi-channel thermal activity microcalorimeter was employed in a series of experiments. All of the soil samples, when supplied with mL of distilled water plus a small amount of pesticide, always revealed an extremely weak metabolism, testifying that the fresh soil microbes failed to degrade chlorpyrifos and beta-cypermethrin.
The microbial activities of soil sample were stimulated by an addition of nutrient solution containing mg of glucose plus mg of ammonium sulfate under a 35% controlled humidity at 28 ºC. Power-time curves recorded on calorimeter were followed by an increasing amount of pesticide, from 0 to 720 µg, which directly affected the soil microbial metabolism. The increasing amount of pesticide was associated with a decrease in the soil microbial ac