大学英语跨文化交际要点汇总.ppt

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01
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Unit 1
Economic globalization: the integration of national economies into the international economy through trade, foreign direct investment, capital flows, migration, and the spread of technology.
Global village: All the different parts of the world form one community linked together by electronic communications, especially the Internet.
Melting pot: a socio-cultural assimilation of people of different backgrounds and nationalities.
Cultural Diversity: the mix of people from various backgrounds in the labor force with a full mix of cultures and sub-cultures to which members belong.
The concept of culture
Culture: a learned set of shared interpretations about beliefs, values, and norms, which affect the behavior of a relatively large group of people.
What are the three ingredients of culture?
Artifacts (the material and spiritual products people produce)
behavior (what they do)
concepts (beliefs, values, world views…) (what they think)
The aspects of culture that are explicit, visible, taught.
The aspects of culture that are intangible and not taught directly.
How to understand Cultural Iceberg
Characteristics of Culture
Culture is shared.
Culture is learned.
Enculturation(文化习得) : all the activities of learning one’s culture are called enculturation.
Culture is dynamic. (pg. 6)
Acculturation(文化适应): the process which adopts the changes brought about by another culture and develops an increased similarity between the two cultures.
Culture is ethnocentric(文化中心主义).
Ethnocentrism: the belief that your own cultural background is superior.
Communication: meaning to share with or to make common, as in giving to another a part or share of your thoughts, hopes, and knowledge.
Intercultural communication: communication between people whose cultural perceptions and symbol systems are distinct enough to alter the communication event (-10).
Communication
Components of Communication
Source
The source is the person with an idea he or she desires to communicate.
Encoding
Encoding is the process of putting an idea into a symbol.
Message
The term message identifies the encoded thought. Encoding is the process, the verb; the message is the resulting object.
Channel
The term channel is used technically to refer to the means by which the encoded message is transmitted. The channel or medium, then, may be print, electronic, or the light and sound waves of the face-to-face communication.
Noise
The term noise technically refers to anything that distorts the message the source encodes.
The receiver is the person who attends to the message.
Receiver
Decoding is the opposite process of encoding and just as much an active process.
Decoding
It refers to anything the receiver does after having attended to and decoded the message.
Receiver response
Feedback refers to that portion of the receiver response of which the source has knowledge and to which the source attends and assigns meaning.
Feedback
Components of Communication
Context
The final component of communication is context. Generally, context can be defined as the environment in which the communication takes place and which helps define the communication.
Components of Communication