实用英语词汇学(2).ppt

Word Formation
General remarks
Three major process of word formation:
Compounding position (27%)
Derivation or affixation (%)
Conversion (%)
Eight minor process of word formation
Initialism and acronym . UNESCO (9%)
Blending (6%)
Clipping (2%)
Words from proper names (2%)
Back formation (1%)
Neoclassical formation . neurolinguistic (4%)
Others (3%)
Borrowing 18%
Compounding
Compounding position is a word-formation process consisting of joining two or more free morphemes to form a new unit, pound word.
common, productive
Definition
pounds found in the Course Requirement
Definition
pound conveys a single idea, and functions as a separate lexical unit.
Orthographic criterion:
(a) solid: airplane, airmail
(b) hyphenated: air-conditioning
(c) open: air force, air raid
flowerpot
flower-pot
flower pot
Phonological
A fat head a fat head
A blackboard a black board
A bluebottle a blue bottle
A green room a green room
Semantic:
Derived from bined lexical meanings of ponents, which, as a rule, retain their lexical meanings.
backdoor, sunset,
Related to the meanings of ponent parts
blue blood, fat head
Therefore, compounds can be said to have a meaning
which is related to but cannot always be inferred from
the meaning of ponent parts.
Classification
Formed from various parts of speech, mon ones are:
N+n ashtray, hydrogen bomb
Adj+n blueprint, dark room
Adv+n downtown, downfall
N+-ing daydreaming, sightseeing
Differs in parts of speech from ponents
breakneck stonewall v. 阻碍,妨碍
Compounds are here classified according to parts of speech of pounds:
pounds
Adj. Compounds
pounds
Which are then subdivided by the syntactic relation of pounding elements.
. sightseeing see sight
daydreaming dream during the day
pounds
Subject-verb: Headache, heartbeat, manding officer, revolving door
Verb-object: Pickpocket, birth control, housekeeping, dressmaking
Verb-adverbial: Swimming pool, drinking cup, diving board, typ