美国载人航天.doc

MANNED SPACE FLIGHTS
SPACECRAFT
CREW
LAUNCH
RETURN
DURATION
REMARKS
Vostok 1 (USSR)
Yuri Gagarin
12-Apr-61
12-Apr-61
1h:48m
First manned space flight (1 orbit).
Mercury-Redstone 3 (USA)
Alan Shepard
5-May-61
5-May-61
15m:22s
First American in space (suborbital). Freedom 7.
Mercury-Redstone 4 (USA)
Virgil Grissom
21-Jul-61
21-Jul-61
15m:37s
Second suborbital flight; spacecraft sank, Grissom rescued. Liberty Bell 7.
Vostok 2 (USSR)
Gherman Titov
6-Aug-61
7-Aug-61
1d:01h:18m
First flight longer than 24 hours (17 orbits).
Mercury-Atlas 6 (USA)
John Glenn
20-Feb-62
20-Feb-62
04h:55m
First American in orbit (3 orbits); telemetry falsely indicated heatshield unlatched. Friendship 7.
Mercury-Atlas 7 (USA)
Scott Carpenter
24-May-62
24-May-62
04h:56m
Initiated space flight experiments; manual retrofire error caused 250 mile landing overshoot. Aurora 7.
Vostok 3 (USSR)
Andrian Nikolayev
11-Aug-62
15-Aug-62
3d:22h:22m
First twinned flight, with Vostok 4.
Vostok 4 (USSR)
Pavel Popovich
12-Aug-62
15-Aug-62
2d:22h:57m
First twinned flight. On first orbit came within 3 miles of Vostok 3.
Mercury-Atlas 8 (USA)
Walter Schirra
3-Oct-62
3-Oct-62
09h:13m
Developed techniques for long duration missions (6 orbits); closest splashdown to target to date ( miles).
Sigma 7.
Mercury-Atlas 9 (USA)
Gordon Cooper
15-May-63
16-May-63
1d:10h:20m
First . evaluation of effects of one day in space (22 orbits); performed manual reentry after systems failure, landing 4 miles from target. Faith 7.
Vostok 5 (USSR)
Valeri Bykovsky
14-Jun-63
19-Jun-63
4d:23h:08m
Second twinned flight, with Vostok 6.
Vostok 6 (USSR)
Valentina Tereshkova
16-Jun-63
19-Jun-63
2d:22h:51m
First woman in space; passed within 3 miles of Vostok 5.
X-15, Flight 90 (USA)
Walker, Joseph
19-Jul-63
19-Jul-63
11m:24s
First rocket-powered aircraft to reach space (FAI definition); sub-orbital reaching 347,800 feet (106,010 m) altitude.
X-15, Flight