形容词,副词的用法.docx

形容词、副词的用法
(一) 知识概要
形容词的用法很活跃,在英语中用处也很多,但英语中修饰可数名词和不可数名词的修饰语和词组有时不同,要特别加以注意。下面将初中学习阶段中遇到的修饰可数名词的词和词组归纳如下:many, no, several, some, a few, a lot, lots, plenty, plenty of, a lot of, a large number of, enough。而修饰不可数名词的词或词组如下:much, no, some, a lot, a great deal, lots, plenty, a lot of, plenty of。其中some, no, a lot of, plenty of既可修饰可数名词又可修饰不可数名词。英语中形容词与副词有原级、比较级、最高级之分,其规则如下:
构词法原级比较级最高级加er,或est Tall
young taller
younger
tallest
youngest

只加r或st nice
large
nicer
larger
nicest
largest

重读闭音节末尾只有一个辅音字母时双写该字母加er、est big
fat
hot
bigger
fatter
hotter

biggest
fattest
hottest

不规则变化的形容词或副词:
原级比较级最高级
good better best
Well better best
bad worse worst
badly worse worst
many more most
most more most
little less lest
far farther
further
farthest
furthest

old older
elder
oldest
eldest

要注意的是许多形容词同时又是副词,如:back, all, alone, either, far, high, slow等。而有些形容词则要经过一定变化才能转为副词,其规律如下:
构词法形容词副词
一般加ly Careful
kind
carefully
kindly

尾是y时将y变成i加ly Happy
busy
easy
Happily
busily
easily

其他 true
terrible
full
possible
shy
whole
truly
terribly
fully
possibly
shyly
wholly

在学习过程中要注意其变化。
此外并不是所有副词都可以修饰比较级和最高级形容词。能修饰比较级的有:much, yet, far, still, a great deal, even 和a little. 能修饰最高级的有:the very, much the, far等。
(二) 正误辨析
[误] The young likes playing football very much.
[正] The young like playing football very much.
[析] 定冠词加形容词表示一类人,应作复数看待。而定冠词加形容词表示抽象事物时则要看作单数,如:The beautiful is not always 。
[误] The danger has gone, so the worst are over.
[正] The danger has gone, so the worst is over.
[析] 意为:"危险已经过去,最困难的状况已结束。"用定冠词加最高级形容词作主语时应看作单数形式。
[误] It is the gold age of the young.
[正] It is the golden age of the young.
[析] golden在英语中多用于比喻,如:golden hair金发,gulden voice金嗓子。而gold多用于表达金质的,如:a gold bar金条,a gold coin金币,但gold fish 金鱼例外。
[误] She is a warm heart woman.
[正] She is a warmhearted woman.
[析] 英语形容词的构词法很多,其中之一是由形容词,或数词,加名词加ed构成,如:warmhoarted 热心肠的,whitehaired 白