Meteorology And Wawe Climate.pdf

Chapter 2 EM 1110-2-1100
METEOROLOGY AND WAVE CLIMATE (Part II)
30 April 2002
Table of Contents
Page
II-2-1. Meteorology .............................................................II-2-1
a. Introduction .............................................................II-2-1
(1) Background .........................................................II-2-1
(2) Organized scales of motion in the atmosphere ...............................II-2-1
(3) Temporal variability of wind speeds ......................................II-2-3
b. General structure of winds in the atmosphere ..................................II-2-5
c. Winds in coastal and marine areas ...........................................II-2-7
d. Characteristics of the atmospheric boundary layer ..............................II-2-8
e. Characteristics of near-surface winds ........................................II-2-9
f. Estimating marine and coastal winds ........................................II-2-11
(1) Wind estimates based on near-surface observations .........................II-2-11
(2) Wind estimates based on information from pressure fields and weather maps .....II-2-15
g. Meteorological systems and characteristic waves ..............................II-2-23
h. Winds in hurricanes .....................................................II-2-27
i. Step-by-step procedure for simplified estimate of winds for wave prediction ..........II-2-34
(1) Introduction ........................................................II-2-34
(2) Wind measurements ..................................................II-2-34
(3) Procedure for adjusting observed winds...................................II-2-34
(a) Level...........................................................II-2-34
(b) Duration........................................................II-2-34
(c) Overland or overwater.............................................II-2-36
(d) Stability ............................................