TENNIS
A Brief History
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October 2006
Science in Sports & Exercise
Early Tennis
Tennis is said to have originated in 13th century French monasteries.
Tennis – French tenez meaning “play”.
A sheepskin ball filled with sand, sawdust or wool (non-bouncing) was hit with an open hand over a rope strung across the monastery courtyard.
Playing with the hand
evolved into playing with a glove
glove with webbing between the fingers
a solid paddle
eventually a sort of racquet was developed – a webbed glove with a handle.
Balls still did not bounce.
By 1500 or so a wooden racquet frame strung with sheep’s gut was generally used and balls were cork-cored.
The game caught on with the royalty and became known as “real” or “royal” tennis and was called jeu de paume – game of the palm.
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Popularity of Tennis
Royal tennis grew in popularity through the centuries to the point where both the Pope and King Louis IV attempted to ban it.
Spread to England early 16th century, and both Henry VII and Henry VIII were “avid players, promoting the building of more courts.”
The game’s popularity waned during the 1700’s because of the French Revolution, but enjoyed a resurgence following the conflict
In 1850, with the invention of vulcanized rubber, players began to try the game with the bouncy rubber balls on outdoor grass courts and a new game was born.
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Changing the Game
Modern tennis is credited to British Army Major Walter Wingfield.
patented a portable equipment set, making tennis more accessible.
Lawn tennis caught on quickly in Great Britain and the first world championship was played at Wimbledon in 1877.
1884 Wimbledon launched a women’s championship.
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es to the United States
Tennis came to the United S
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