毕业设计（论文）-浅析冯太后改革.doc

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本科毕业业论文(设计)
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指导教师: 职称:
完成日期: 年月日
目录
摘要····························································(1)
关键字··························································(1)
冯太后生平简介··················································(2)
冯太后推行改革的历史动因··································(2)
(一)经济形态原始野蛮··········································(2)
(二)政治制度发展缓慢且滋生了吏治腐败··························(2)
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,贪官横行·········································(2)
(三)社会民族关系复杂,各种矛盾犬牙交错························(3)
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(四)来自南朝的军事威压········································
(3)
二.“太和改制”的实行和效果·····································(3)
(一)整顿吏治,班俸禄,惩治贪污································(4)
(二)实行均田制,为民谋利,发展生产····························(4)
(三)废宗主督护制,立三长······································(5)
(四)革除旧习,学习汉文化,推动封建化··························(5)
三.“太和改制”的当代价值·······································(5)
注释····························································(7)
参考文献························································(7)
浅析冯太后改革
摘要:冯太后是北魏时期一位杰出的女政治家,同时也是中国历史上一位举足轻重的人物。她生活在一个禁止后妃干政的封建王朝之中,两度临朝听政,剪除异己,大胆改革,革除弊政,与民休息,充分显示了她的政治才干。她主持的改革,不仅缓和了阶级矛盾,而且还对推进鲜卑族封建化以及与中原地区的融合有着深远的意义。她推行的制度对后世影响深远,很多王朝都效仿其廉政爱民、惩治腐败的举措。

关键字:冯太后;改革;太和改制;当代价值
冯太后生平简介
公元442年,冯太后出生在长安(今西安)城里的一户汉族官宦人家。“其父冯朗是魏太武帝时期秦、雍二州的刺史,并居西城郡公之爵位,后因事被诛”,【2】年幼的冯太后入宫成为婢女。当时冯太后的姑母是太武帝的左昭仪,将其收养并加以教导和栽培。452年,文成帝即位,冯氏被选为贵人,地位提高。四年后,即太平二年,文成帝要册封皇后,但须手铸金人,冯氏早有准备,率先铸就,遂被立为皇后,当时她年仅14岁。465年,献文帝承父帝位,冯氏被尊为皇太后。后粉碎乙浑政变,开始了历史两年的听政时期,
“冯太后第一次公开临朝听政,对北魏历史的发展做出了一定的贡献,初步显示了卓越的政治才能”。【3】476年,献文帝驾崩,年仅九周岁的孝文帝即位,冯太后理所当然被尊为太皇太后,重新开始了长达十五年的临朝听政,在此期间,她大胆的进行了一系列的改革,使北魏日益富强。490年,即太和十四年,冯太后终于走完了自己的一生,病逝于北魏城(今山西大同),年仅49岁。

冯太后在北魏太和年间推行的改革不是偶然的,有其深刻的历史根源和社会背景。
(一)经济形态原始野蛮
北魏政权是鲜卑族建立起来的少数民族政权。鲜卑拓跋部起于大兴安岭北端东麓一带,过着游牧生活,后逐步南迁到蒙古草原的东北部。公元386年,拓跋珪建立