48个国际音标讲解文档.docx

48个国际音标课程讲义
元音和辅音的定义:
发音时声带振动,呼出的气流通过口腔时不受阻碍,这样形成的语音称为元音。
不论声带振动与否,发音时呼出的气流通过口腔或鼻腔时受到一定的阻碍,这样形成的语音称为辅音。
发音时声带不振动的辅音称为清辅音。
发音声带振动的辅音称为浊辅音
一、元音
1、/i:/ /i/ /æ/ /e/
(1)/i:/ 长元音嘴唇微微张开,舌尖抵下齿,嘴角向两边张开, e ea ee
e: me be she he we evening
ee: sweet bee sweep sheep see sleep three green
ea: meat leaf sea pea teach eat clean
绕口令练习: the teacher repeated the speech to please the people.
I can see the sea, the deep green sea
(2)/i/ 短元音,嘴唇微微张开,舌尖抵下齿,舌前部抬高,嘴型扁平。中间放一个小指尖,这个音是顺口即来的啊哈。字母和字母组合 I e y ey ay
Pig fish lorry happy money chin
绕口令练习:why does Lily go out with Jim and not him?
If I assist a sister-assistant, will the sister’s sister-assistant assist me?
(3)梅花音/æ/ 嘴型比较怪异,嘴巴要长大,尽量拉向两边,既要大又要呈扁平形,舌尖抵下齿。听起来向鸭子叫。很干。
dad flag hand rabbit ant cap apple family
绕口令练习:apple, apple, apple. An apple is good after a nap
Can you can a can as a canner can can a can
(4)短原因/e/唇形扁平,舌尖抵下齿,舌前部稍微隆起,张嘴即来,跟打招呼“哎”的声音相似 a e ai ue ea ie等字母和字母组合发该音
Egg bell bread said head desk elephant
绕口令练习:my hen likes to lay ten fresh eggs every day.
Let’s get together when the weather is better.
2、中元音/ɜ:/, /ǝ/, /ʌ/
(1)长元音/ә:/ 三部曲嘴型扁平,上下齿微微张开,舌身放平,舌中部微微抬起。稍微紧张一点发这个音的字母组合有er ir or ur ear our
Her girl skirt bird purse nurse pearl
绕口令练习: where is the pearl? The nurse put her pearl in her nurse.
The early birds catches the worm
(2)短元音/ә/ 嘴唇微微张开,舌头自然放松,舌中部微微隆起 a e I o u ar er or ou re 等字母容易发/ә/
Picture camera teacher doctor sugar panda
绕口令练习: my mother and my sister like the new shopping center
Readers are supposed to keep silent in the library.
(3)短元音/ʌ/ 嘴唇微微张开,伸向两边,舌尖轻触下齿,舌后部稍微抬起。张开两指高度。O u oo ou 等字母和字母组合发该音
bus sun son gum jump nut umbrella butterfly mushroom
绕口令练习:Father and son have fun, flying their kite in the sun
3、后元音/ɑ:/,/ɔ:/, /ɒ/, /u:/, /ʊ/
(1)长元音/ɑ:/ 口腔打开,嘴长大,舌身自然放松,下巴收低,舌头不要抵下齿,在感叹祖国大好河山“啊”一样,下巴稍微收低。字母a ar al au ear 等通常发该音。
Car star laugh aunt palm heart grass plant shark
绕口令练习:no parking here, no parking here, our game of darts is