48个国际音标讲解文档.docx

48个国际音标课程讲义元音和辅音的定义:发音时声带振动,呼出的气流通过口腔时不受阻碍,这样形成的语音称为元音。不论声带振动与否,发音时呼出的气流通过口腔或鼻腔时受到一定的阻碍,这样形成的语音称为辅音。发音时声带不振动的辅音称为清辅音。发音声带振动的辅音称为浊辅音一、元音1、/i://i//æ//e/(1)/i:/长元音嘴唇微微张开,舌尖抵下齿,嘴角向两边张开,:me be she he we eveningee:sweetbeesweepsheepseesleepthreegreenea:meatleafseapeateacheatclean绕口令练习: ,thedeepgreensea(2)/i/短元音,嘴唇微微张开,舌尖抵下齿,舌前部抬高,嘴型扁平。中间放一个小指尖,这个音是顺口即来的啊哈。字母和字母组合IeyeyayPigfishlorryhappymoneychin绕口令练习:whydoesLilygooutwithJimandnothim? IfIassistasister-assistant,willthesister’ssister-assistantassistme?(3)梅花音/æ/嘴型比较怪异,嘴巴要长大,尽量拉向两边,既要大又要呈扁平形,舌尖抵下齿。听起来向鸭子叫。很干。dadflaghandrabbitantcapapplefamily绕口令练习:apple,apple, Canyoucanacanasacannercancanacan(4)短原因/e/唇形扁平,舌尖抵下齿,舌前部稍微隆起,张嘴即来,跟打招呼“哎”的声音相似aeaiueeaie等字母和字母组合发该音Eggbellbreadsaidheaddeskelephant绕口令练习:myhenlikestolaytenfresheggseveryday. Let’、中元音/ɜ:/,/ǝ/,/ʌ/(1)长元音/ә:/三部曲嘴型扁平,上下齿微微张开,舌身放平,舌中部微微抬起。稍微紧张一点发这个音的字母组合有erirorurearourHergirlskirtbirdpursenursepearl绕口令练习:whereisthepearl?(2)短元音/ә/嘴唇微微张开,舌头自然放松,舌中部微微隆起aeIouareroroure等字母容易发/ә/Picturecamerateacherdoctorsugarpanda绕口令练习:mymotherandmysisterlikethenewshoppingcenter Readersaresupposedtokeepsilentinthelibrary.(3)短元音/ʌ/嘴唇微微张开,伸向两边,舌尖轻触下齿,舌后部稍微抬起。张开两指高度。Ouooou等字母和字母组合发该音bussunsongumjumpnutumbrellabutterflymushroom绕口令练习:Fatherandsonhavefun,flyingtheirkiteinthesun3、后元音/ɑ:/,/ɔ:/,/ɒ/,/u:/,/ʊ/(1)长元音/ɑ:/口腔打开,嘴长大,舌身自然放松,下巴收低,舌头不要抵下齿,在感叹祖国大好河山“啊”一样,下巴稍微收低。字母aaralauear等通常发该音。Carstarlaughauntpalmheartgrassplantshark绕口令练习:noparkinghere,noparkinghere,ourgameofdartsisstarting. BarbaraandChar,lesaredancinginalargegarden.(2)长元音/ɔ:/双唇收的小而圆,向前突出,舌身往后缩。常见aauawaralororeoorouour等组合会发这个音ballwall waterhorsedoorcorn绕口令练习:basketball,basketball,Paulplaysbasketball Shethoughtsheoughttotakeawalkbeforefouro’clock(3)短元音/ɒ/口腔打开,嘴巴张大,舌头向后缩,嘴唇稍微的收圆foxcoffeewatchdogshopmop绕口令练习:mymomlikestoshop,sheshopsuntilshest