,氧气的;依靠氧气的anaerobic没有空气而能生活得,厌氧的Incontrasttomucosalsurface,,牙面不能稳定地通过上皮脱落而更新。(adhesions)plementarymolecules(receptors),即细菌表面具有识别系统,该系统能使细菌表面的附着器与获得性膜中的互补手提分子结合。UNIT-2ecology生态学;个体生态学ecosystem生态系统(学),,它不仅包括细菌和环境间的相互作用,也包括细菌之间的相互作用。,。这是因为牙齿提供了一些新型的表面和新的微环境。UNIT-3saliva唾液parotid耳旁的;腮腺的lingual舌的,语言的,al颊的,颊侧的labial唇的,唇侧的palatine腭的edentulous无牙sulculus小沟mastication咀嚼chew嚼,咀嚼temporomandibularjoint(TMJ)i链球菌fungus(复fungi)真菌,,但是较弱的活性可由十二指肠中强活性的胰淀粉酶补偿。UNIT-4enamel釉质dentinaltubules牙骨质小管amelocementaljunction釉牙骨质界dentine牙本质cementum牙骨质odontoblast成牙本质细胞alveolarbone牙槽骨alveolarcrest牙槽嵴junctionalepithelium结合上皮Thetoothbudundergoesperipheralproliferartionintothemesenchyme,leavingacentralmensenchyme-filleddepression,,基底部凹陷,状如帽子,凹陷内充满外胚间充质细胞,帽状期上皮与蕾状期相同。Dentineconsistsofmineralizedtissue(chieflyhydroxyapatite)inwhichmicroscopictubulesarefoundextendingfromthepulptoverycloseto,oreventhrough,(以羟基磷灰石为主)构成,镜下见有小管自牙髓贯穿全层到达或穿过釉牙本质界。UNIT-5dentinepermeability牙本质渗透性remineralization再矿化groove窝沟slot(固定)沟undercutretention倒凹固位cariogenic致龋的Fissuresealants,saaneffectivewaytopreventfissurecaries,,并作为预防性措施应用中度或者高度龋易感性的患者。UNIT-6percuss叩诊,敲palpate触诊laminadura硬板attrition磨损abrasion磨耗metamorphosis变形pulpitis牙髓炎microleakage微渗漏pulppolyp牙髓息肉matiscation咀嚼fistula瘘管abscess脓肿osteoscler
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