米勒麻醉学第七版.pdf

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Section I – Introduction

1 – History of Anesthetic Practice
Merlin D. Larson
Key Points
1. Methods to safely alleviate severe pain are relatively recent discoveries, as viewed within the time

span of human history.
2. The public demonstration of ether anesthesia on October 16, 1846, ranks as one of the most

significant events in the history of medicine.
3. No single individual can be said to have discovered anesthesia.
4. The specialty of anesthesia rests on discoveries made from several scientific disciplines.
5. Major discoveries were often made by small groups of curious individuals with diverse

backgrounds.
6. Techniques mon use at any one time often seem dangerous to subsequent generations of

anesthesiologists.
7. Major innovations were sometimes ignored until their rediscovery several decades later.
8. Developments in anesthesia often arose to meet the needs of patients with orbid
conditions that plex surgical procedures. Consequently, advances within the
specialties of surgery and anesthesia are closely integrated.
The first anesthetics were given to ameliorate the pain associated with dental extractions and minor
surgery. As plementary fields of surgery and anesthesiology matured together, new skills were
required of the anesthesiologist, including expertise in resuscitation, fluid replacement, airway
management, oxygen transport, operative stress reduction, and postoperative pain control. Today,
personnel from the anesthesiology department are located throughout the hospital, ranging from the
ambulatory care center to the intensive care unit. Organizing a coherent historical document is therefore
complicated by the diverse roles of anesthesiologists, in the modern hospital, especially in perioperative
medicine.
One approach to the history of anesthesiology is to relate in detail the events surrounding the 1846 public
demonstration of ether anesthesia by William