高中英语基础语法复习课件构词法.ppt

高考基础语法复习构词法在英语中,词的构成法主要有三种:合成、转化、派生一、合成由两个或更多的词合成一个词,有的用连词符号“-”连接,有的直接连写在一起,还有的由分开的两个词构成。+名词cowboynewspaper名词+inghandwritingsunbathinging+名词waiting-roomsleeping-pill形容词+名词blackboardshorthand……:副词+动词overthrowuphold形容词+动词blacklistwhitewash名词+:名词+形容词snow-whitelifelong名词+过去分词man-madehandmade数词+名词one-waysecond-hand…….一、合成二、转化:动词名词:taste(v.)taste(n.).(2)名词动词:hand(n.)hand(v.)Let’.(3)形容词动词:clean(adj.)clean(v.)、派生:-dishonest,dislikein-,ig-,il,im,ir,incapable,inability,ignoble,illegal,impossible,immoral,irregularmis-misunderstandmisleadnon-nonsenseun-unable,unemploymentanti-,ant-antiknock(防震),antiforeigner,(排外的)由一个词根加上前缀或后缀构成另外一个词。,方向关系的前缀1)    a-表示“在……之上”,“向……”aboard,aside,2)    by-表示“附近,邻近,边侧”bypath,bypass(弯路)3)inter-,intel-,表示“在……间,相互”international,interaction,mid-,表示“中,中间”midnight,mid-autumn5)out-,表示“在上面,在外部,在外”outline,outside,outward6)over-,表示“在上面,在外部,向上”overlook,overhead,overboard7)    extra-,表示“额外”extraction(提取)8)    fore-表示“在前面”forehead,foreground9)    in-,im-,表示“向内,在内,背于”inland,invade,inside,,方向关系的前缀under-,表示“在…..下面,下的”underline,underground,underwater11)up-,表示“向上,向上面,在上”upward,uphold,uphill(上坡)--“又\,再”repeat,review,return,reunite,—“联合,伴同”cooperate,coexist,co-—“在…上;加之”superman,:后缀例词名词-ability-age-al-an-cy-er-or-ese-ee-eer-ery-essinability,availableleakage,shortagerenewal,withdrawalAmerican,Koreanprivacy,accuracyfarmer,thinker,painkilleractor,sailor,collectorChinese,Japanese,Portugueseemployee,trustee,intervieweeengineer,profiteermachinery,jewelleryactress,waitress,empress后缀例词名词-ful-ian-ist-ism-ment-ness-ship-tion-urearmful,handful,mouthfulEgyptian,Russian,Asian,musicianartist,munist,scientistsocialism,realism,idealismgovernment,movement,developmentbusiness,illness,darknessfriendship,ownershipinvention,